【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化、城市化的不斷發(fā)展,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體狀況有了非常大的進(jìn)步,但由此而帶來的污染問題,尤其是農(nóng)用地土壤污染問題也日趨嚴(yán)重。目前,我國(guó)農(nóng)用地的污染主要在于農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,固體廢物、廢水施入農(nóng)田所造成的上游(源頭)污染。由于農(nóng)用土地相較于城市用地、灘涂等地而言有其特殊性,農(nóng)用地的治理難度更大,一旦造成污染可逆性極差等問題,非常容易引發(fā)糧食產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的下降,導(dǎo)致整個(gè)食物鏈污染和居民健康程度的下降,危及整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。這就促使我們必須正視目前農(nóng)用地土壤污染問題,分析我國(guó)農(nóng)用地污染的原因,理清土壤污染防治與現(xiàn)有環(huán)境治理之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而補(bǔ)充現(xiàn)有法律體系的漏洞,對(duì)農(nóng)用地土壤污染進(jìn)行全面治理。目前,我國(guó)農(nóng)用地土壤污染的原因是多方面的,但主要問題在于我國(guó)缺乏完善的農(nóng)用地土壤污染立法體系、現(xiàn)有農(nóng)用地土壤環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)制度不能有效發(fā)揮其作用、落后的土壤環(huán)境分級(jí)管理制度、不合理的使用農(nóng)藥和化肥等。對(duì)此,我國(guó)雖然存在一些環(huán)境治理層面的立法,但沒有形成系統(tǒng)的法律體系,加之農(nóng)用地土壤污染的防治與現(xiàn)有環(huán)境治理之間并不能進(jìn)行無縫連接,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)農(nóng)用地土壤污染防治難度大大增加。此外,相關(guān)配套制度的不完善、政府的監(jiān)管不力等諸多因素也是該問題產(chǎn)生的原因。因此,為解決農(nóng)用地土壤污染問題,我國(guó)需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況建立農(nóng)用地土壤污染防治的專門制度、建立相應(yīng)的農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制、建立其他配套制度等。此外,地方政府還應(yīng)依據(jù)我國(guó)近期頒布的《土壤污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》詳細(xì)制定各地的相關(guān)法規(guī)、規(guī)章,同時(shí)還需要借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn),綜合防治。本文通過對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)用地污染原因、現(xiàn)存管理制度及立法的缺陷、發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒以及我國(guó)未來農(nóng)用土地防治制度構(gòu)建等方面的分析,提出了一些針對(duì)性建議與對(duì)策,以期可以為我國(guó)農(nóng)用地土壤治理有所幫助。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industrialization, modernization and urbanization, the overall economic situation of our country has made great progress, but the pollution problem, especially the pollution of agricultural land and soil, is becoming more and more serious. At present, agricultural land pollution is mainly caused by agricultural non-point pollution, solid waste, waste water applied into farmland upstream (source) pollution. Because agricultural land has its particularity compared with urban land, such as beach land, it is more difficult to manage agricultural land. Once the problem of reversibility of pollution is very poor, it is easy to lead to the decline of grain yield and quality. Lead to the whole food chain pollution and the decline of the health of residents, endangering the development of the entire national economy. This urges us to face up to the problem of soil pollution of agricultural land at present, to analyze the causes of agricultural land pollution in our country, to clarify the relationship between soil pollution prevention and control and existing environmental control, and then to supplement the loopholes of the existing legal system. To agricultural land soil pollution carries on the comprehensive control. At present, the causes of soil pollution of agricultural land in our country are various, but the main problem lies in the lack of perfect legislation system of soil pollution of agricultural land in our country, and the existing monitoring system of soil environment of agricultural land can not play its role effectively. Backward soil environmental grading management system, irrational use of pesticides and fertilizers, and so on. In view of this, although there are some legislation on environmental governance in our country, but there is no systematic legal system, in addition, there is no seamless connection between the prevention and control of soil pollution of agricultural land and the existing environmental governance. As a result, it is more difficult to prevent and control soil pollution from agricultural land in China. In addition, some factors, such as imperfect supporting system and weak government supervision, are also the causes of the problem. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of soil pollution of agricultural land, our country should establish a special system for the prevention and control of soil pollution of agricultural land according to the actual situation, establish the corresponding agricultural subsidy mechanism, and establish other supporting systems and so on. In addition, the local government should draw up the relevant laws and regulations according to the Action Plan of soil pollution Prevention recently promulgated by our country. At the same time, the local government should draw lessons from foreign experience and comprehensively prevent and cure soil pollution. Based on the analysis of the causes of agricultural land pollution in China, the defects of existing management system and legislation, the experience of developed countries and the construction of future agricultural land control system in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures. In order to help the soil management of agricultural land in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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