【摘要】：我國(guó)票據(jù)市場(chǎng)日趨繁榮,票據(jù)不僅僅作為一種支付手段,更多的是作為融資工具而為廣大小微企業(yè)所青睞。但是傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)票據(jù)和依托央行ECDS系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的電子商業(yè)匯票,因其載體存在的天然缺陷以及我國(guó)《票據(jù)法》立法的滯后,導(dǎo)致的市場(chǎng)亂象和潛藏的金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)同樣不能忽視。近年來(lái)票據(jù)市場(chǎng)大案頻發(fā),金額動(dòng)輒上十億規(guī)模,完善我國(guó)票據(jù)法律制度、杜絕票據(jù)市場(chǎng)的混亂局面,對(duì)于我國(guó)的金融安全和穩(wěn)定具有重要意義。區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)具有去中心化、去信任、時(shí)間戳、非對(duì)稱加密和智能合約的特征,這些特征與票據(jù)的某些屬性天然契合。基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)構(gòu)建的數(shù)字票據(jù)作為傳統(tǒng)紙質(zhì)票據(jù)電子化的最新形式,與傳統(tǒng)的紙質(zhì)票據(jù)既有聯(lián)系,又有分歧。其存在形式不同于紙質(zhì)票據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)電文是其物理的存在方式,并且必須借助特定的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)制解調(diào)設(shè)備,以及基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)構(gòu)建的數(shù)字票據(jù)交易平臺(tái)等,才能將二進(jìn)制的數(shù)據(jù)電文轉(zhuǎn)化成人類可以直接感受、操作的票據(jù)展現(xiàn)形式。但是,從根本的法律性質(zhì)上推敲,數(shù)字票據(jù)并未顛覆傳統(tǒng)的票據(jù)制度,只是因其存在形式的特殊性,與傳統(tǒng)票據(jù)制度之間存在著沖突與變通的現(xiàn)象。就票據(jù)行為而言,與傳統(tǒng)票據(jù)相比,無(wú)因性、文義性、要式性、獨(dú)立性等票據(jù)法規(guī)定的特征,數(shù)字票據(jù)同樣具備,而其轉(zhuǎn)讓背書同樣需要遵循權(quán)利不可分以及背書連續(xù)等一般的規(guī)范;數(shù)字票據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)讓背書,其權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)移、權(quán)利證明、權(quán)利擔(dān)保等效力與傳統(tǒng)票據(jù)別無(wú)二致;而其變通的方面主要是對(duì)于背書類別的突破、以及背書成立規(guī)則的變化,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)諸如書面形式、簽章方式還有交付方式的重大差別;其與現(xiàn)行票據(jù)法律法規(guī)的沖突主要體現(xiàn)在背書性質(zhì)、背書偽造、變?cè)斓忍厥獾那樾?以及對(duì)于空白背書、期后背書的特殊使用等等。然而,《票據(jù)法》的立法已經(jīng)十分久遠(yuǎn),后來(lái)的修訂也是小修小補(bǔ),其制定時(shí)缺乏前瞻性,為數(shù)字票據(jù)等電子票據(jù)形式的發(fā)展造成了束縛。故而,對(duì)《票據(jù)法》進(jìn)行修改,更好銜接其與數(shù)字票據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)制法律之間的關(guān)系,是迫在眉睫的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)在立法層面對(duì)票據(jù)、簽章等概念的適當(dāng)延伸,對(duì)于票據(jù)背書規(guī)則的相應(yīng)改進(jìn),對(duì)于數(shù)字票據(jù)偽造責(zé)任的界定,以及相較傳統(tǒng)紙質(zhì)票據(jù)所獨(dú)有的電子認(rèn)證等涉及的相應(yīng)法律問(wèn)題進(jìn)行規(guī)制,可以為數(shù)字票據(jù)的發(fā)展提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),更好發(fā)揮其相較于傳統(tǒng)紙質(zhì)票據(jù)和電子商業(yè)匯票的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Our country's bill market is flourishing day by day, the bill is not only as a means of payment, but also as a financing tool, which is favored by the majority of small and micro enterprises. However, the traditional paper bills and electronic commercial bills based on the ECDS system of the central bank can not be ignored because of the natural defects of the carrier and the lag of the legislation of our country's "Bill Law", which leads to the market disorder and the hidden financial risks. In recent years, the bill market cases frequently occur, the amount of money is frequently used on a billion scale. It is of great significance to improve the bill legal system and put an end to the chaotic situation of the bill market for the financial security and stability of our country. Block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, de-trust, timestamp, asymmetric encryption and intelligent contract, which naturally coincide with some properties of the bill. Digital bill based on block chain technology is the newest form of traditional paper bill, which is not only related to but also different from the traditional paper bill. Its existence form is different from paper bill, data message is its physical existence way, and must use special computer network modulation and demodulation equipment, as well as digital bill trading platform based on block chain technology, etc. In order to transform binary data message into human can directly feel, operate note display form. However, in terms of the fundamental legal nature, the digital bill does not subvert the traditional bill system, but because of the particularity of its existence, there is a phenomenon of conflict and flexibility between the digital bill and the traditional bill system. As far as bill behavior is concerned, compared with traditional instruments, digital instruments have the same characteristics as those stipulated in the negotiable instruments law, such as uncausality, literality, essentialism, independence, and so on. But its transfer endorsement also needs to abide by the general norms such as the rights cannot be separated and the endorsement is continuous, the transfer endorsement of digital instrument, the transfer of rights, the proof of rights, the guarantee of right, and so on, have the same effect as traditional instruments; The main flexibility is the breakthrough of the type of endorsement, as well as the change of the rules of establishment of endorsement, especially emphasizing the significant difference between the form of writing, the way of signature and the way of delivery; Its conflict with the current laws and regulations of bills mainly embodies in the nature of endorsement, forgery, alteration and other special circumstances, as well as the blank endorsement, the special use of post-endorsement and so on. However, the legislation of "Bill Law" is very long ago, and the later revision is also minor repair and supplement, and it lacks of foresight when it is formulated, which makes the development of digital bill and other electronic bill form a constraint. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to amend the Bill Law to better link up the relationship between it and the laws of digital bill regulation. Through the appropriate extension of the concepts of bill, signature and so on in the legislative level, the corresponding improvement of the rules of endorsement of the bill, the definition of the responsibility of forgery of the digital bill, And the corresponding legal issues involved in electronic authentication, which are unique to traditional paper bills, can provide a solid foundation for the development of digital bills. Better play to its comparative advantage over traditional paper bills and electronic commercial bills.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.287

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