本文選題：恩格斯晚年 + 自然觀�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：辯證唯物主義自然觀是馬克思主義哲學(xué)的一個重要構(gòu)成部分,其基本思想在馬克思和恩格斯創(chuàng)立馬克思主義哲學(xué)之初就已經(jīng)提出,但其系統(tǒng)化卻是由恩格斯在19世紀(jì)70年代末初步完成。恩格斯晚年著作《自然辯證法》和《反杜林論》便是辯證唯物主義自然觀初步系統(tǒng)確立的重要標(biāo)志。學(xué)界在對恩格斯晚年自然觀的研究中存在各種各樣的闡釋和解讀,這些闡釋和解讀對于推進(jìn)人們對馬克思主義哲學(xué)的理解和傳播發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用,但是其中也不乏一些誤解和曲解。因此回到恩格斯晚年闡述自然觀的文本,并結(jié)合馬克思和恩格斯的分工,客觀地分析其自然觀,對于恩格斯晚年自然觀展開深入研究并作出恰當(dāng)評價,對于推進(jìn)整個馬克思主義哲學(xué)的理解和闡釋都有著重大意義。本文主要從五個方面對恩格斯晚年自然觀作出闡述和解析。第一章,明確恩格斯晚年對馬克思主義自然觀系統(tǒng)建構(gòu)所要解決的主要問題。(1)需要進(jìn)一步劃清馬克思主義自然觀與舊唯物主義自然觀的界線,包括古代樸素自然觀和近代形而上學(xué)自然觀;(2)需要對自然科學(xué)和哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)的新成果作出自然意義的總結(jié)和概括;(3)早期馬克思和恩格斯未集中論述自然觀,故需要對馬克思主義自然觀作出系統(tǒng)闡述。第二章,闡明恩格斯晚年建構(gòu)自然觀的具體方法。恩格斯晚年自然觀的建構(gòu)方法與馬克思建構(gòu)自然觀的方法在本質(zhì)上是一致的,但恩格斯作了更為具體的發(fā)揮,這些發(fā)揮主要可以概括為實(shí)踐批判方法、辯證分析方法、整體性方法和歷史分析方法。第三章,分析恩格斯晚年自然觀的構(gòu)成要素。恩格斯晚年自然觀的構(gòu)成要素主要包括:(1)勞動創(chuàng)造人類歷史作為邏輯起點(diǎn);(2)自然科學(xué)和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)作為思想中介;(3)實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上自然史與人類史的雙向互動作為理論內(nèi)核;(4)人、自然、社會的統(tǒng)一關(guān)系及其歷史展開進(jìn)程作為思維框架;(5)完善作為世界觀的馬克思主義哲學(xué)作為理論目標(biāo)。第四章,挖掘和概括恩格斯晚年自然觀的基本內(nèi)容。恩格斯晚年自然觀的基本內(nèi)容主要是由對自在自然與人化自然的關(guān)系、自然與人及其活動的關(guān)系、自然與社會歷史的關(guān)系、自然界與自然科學(xué)的關(guān)系的系統(tǒng)論述構(gòu)成的。第五章,對恩格斯晚年自然觀的貢獻(xiàn)與不足作出恰當(dāng)評價。恩格斯晚年自然觀的主要貢獻(xiàn)表現(xiàn)在:(1)突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)了辯證思維方式在自然觀理解上的重要性;(2)深入揭示了自然界與人類社會相聯(lián)系的辯證圖景;(3)從唯物論和辯證法相統(tǒng)一的角度完善了馬克思主義自然觀。而其不足則主要表現(xiàn)為:(1)對自然觀中某些觀點(diǎn)的表述不夠準(zhǔn)確;(2)對馬克思某些哲學(xué)思想的闡釋過于簡單化,這也是導(dǎo)致人們誤解馬克思主義自然觀的重要原因之一。
[Abstract]:Dialectical materialism of nature is an important part of Marxist philosophy. Its basic thought was put forward at the beginning of Marx and Engels' creation of Marxist philosophy. But its systematization was initially completed by Engels in the late 1870s. Engels' works Dialectics of Nature and Anti-Durin Theory are the important symbols of the establishment of the initial system of dialectical materialism in the view of nature. There are a variety of interpretations and interpretations in the study of Engels' views on nature in his later years, which have played an extremely important role in promoting the understanding and dissemination of Marxist philosophy. But there are also some misunderstandings and misunderstandings. Therefore, returning to Engels' later years to expound the text of the view of nature, combining the division of labor between Marx and Engels, objectively analyzing his view of nature, making a thorough study of Engels' view of nature in his later years and making an appropriate evaluation. It is of great significance to promote the understanding and interpretation of Marxist philosophy. This paper mainly expounds and analyzes Engels' view of nature in his later years from five aspects. The first chapter clarifies the main problems that Engels should solve in his later years to construct Marxist view of nature. (1) it is necessary to draw a clear line between Marxist view of nature and old materialist view of nature. (2) it needs to summarize and generalize the new achievements of natural science and philosophy and social science, (3) early Marx and Engels did not concentrate on the view of nature. Therefore, it is necessary to make a systematic exposition of Marxist view of nature. The second chapter, expound Engels' concrete method of constructing the view of nature in his later years. The construction method of Engels' view of nature in his later years is consistent with that of Marx in essence, but Engels has made more concrete play, which can be summarized as practical critical method and dialectical analysis method. Holistic method and historical analysis method. The third chapter analyzes the elements of Engels' view of nature in his later years. The constituent elements of Engels' view of nature in his later years include: (1) labor creates human history as the logical starting point; (2) natural science and modern industry act as ideological intermediary; (3) the two-way interaction between natural history and human history on the basis of practice is the theoretical core; (4) human beings, Naturally, the unity of society and its historical development process are regarded as the frame of thinking; (5) the improvement of Marxist philosophy as the world outlook is the theoretical goal. The fourth chapter excavates and generalizes the basic content of Engels' view of nature in his later years. The basic content of Engels' view of nature in his later years is mainly composed of a systematic discussion of the relationship between nature and humanized nature, between nature and man and their activities, between nature and social history, and between nature and natural science. In the fifth chapter, the contribution and deficiency of Engels' view of nature in his later years are properly evaluated. The main contributions of Engels' view of nature in his later years are as follows: (1) highlighting and emphasizing the importance of dialectical thinking mode in understanding the concept of nature; (2) revealing the dialectical picture of the relationship between nature and human society in depth; (3) from materialism and dialectical view. The unity of law has perfected the Marxist view of nature. The main shortcomings are as follows: (1) the expression of some viewpoints in the view of nature is not accurate enough; (2) the interpretation of some philosophical ideas of Marx is too simplistic, which is one of the important reasons leading to the misunderstanding of Marxist view of nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：A81

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