本文選題：基層組織選舉 + 村民自治場域�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：基層組織選舉作為基層政治參與的一項(xiàng)重要制度安排,為我國基層公民有序的政治參與提供了合法渠道,從而提高了基層政權(quán)的合法性。在我國廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū),基層組織包括設(shè)在鎮(zhèn)(辦事處)和村一級的各種組織,主要是指村級組織,而村級組織中的“村兩委”作為基層組織在農(nóng)村的權(quán)力末梢,在村民自治實(shí)踐中發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。在三十余載的村民自治實(shí)踐中,國家權(quán)力逐步退出基層社會(huì),然而“村兩委”這一基層組織由于制度、社會(huì)歷史因素在村民自治場域中并沒有完全實(shí)現(xiàn)自治,“村兩委”選舉賦予村民“有接受或者拒絕將要來統(tǒng)治他們?nèi)说臋C(jī)會(huì)”,同時(shí)“村兩委”選舉在操作上的彈性也給予了鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層政府(村民自治場域外部力量)借指導(dǎo)名義“合法”輸入的機(jī)會(huì)。“村兩委”選舉涉及來自基層組織各方的參與者(場域內(nèi)部和場域外部),而且“村兩委”選舉過程也是各方博弈最為明顯、競爭最為激烈的政治過程。因此論文將基層組織選舉嵌入到村民自治場域中的“村兩委”選舉中,各方博弈主體基于自身利益及鄉(xiāng)土人情相互交織、相互耦合展開了一場看似靜態(tài)實(shí)為動(dòng)態(tài)的選舉博弈。國內(nèi)學(xué)者基于村民自治制度對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村社區(qū)“村兩委”選舉的研究可謂是盆滿缽滿。而“村兩委”選舉在黨的十六屆六中全會(huì)后出現(xiàn)了新的實(shí)踐場域——新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)場域,然而這一新場域又會(huì)受到傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村社區(qū)鄉(xiāng)土文化、制度慣性的規(guī)制。隨著新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)在全國的逐步推廣,學(xué)界對新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)的組織構(gòu)建及其運(yùn)行機(jī)制的研究卻依然處于“窗口期”,特別是在新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)基層組織構(gòu)建不斷顯現(xiàn)出新問題及新發(fā)展動(dòng)向的背景下,如何構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)的基層組織成為亟需研究的課題。由此,為探尋新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)基層組織的組織構(gòu)建問題,論文將選舉博弈嵌入到村民自治制度場域,以新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)為例進(jìn)行了分析。首先論文基于規(guī)范性研究構(gòu)建了村民自治場域中權(quán)力博弈的理論框架;繼而論文基于實(shí)證研究,廓清了基層組織選舉博弈的場域及其主體;論文圍繞村民自治場域中的“村兩委”選舉,論文的主體框架包括五部分內(nèi)容:第一章主要介紹了論文的研究背景、研究的理論意義及實(shí)踐意義,繼而利用文獻(xiàn)分析法對基層組織選舉,尤其是“村兩委”選舉的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)梳理,繼而闡述了論文的研究方法、研究思路及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。第二章論文基于博弈理論構(gòu)建了村民自治場域中權(quán)力博弈的理論框架,其中囊括了博弈理論、精英理論、公共選擇理論、制度的意識形態(tài)理論、交往互動(dòng)理論�；诓┺睦碚摗⒐策x擇理論剖析了權(quán)力博弈中理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人博弈策略;借用諾斯的制度的意識形態(tài)理論深入分析了權(quán)力博弈策略選擇的差異性及非理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人行動(dòng)取向。第三章厘清了基層組織選舉的場域和主體。首先對基層組織、基層組織選舉的概念進(jìn)行了界定,論文將基層組織選舉的場域嵌入到村民自治場域,而村民自治場域中博弈最為明顯激烈的是“村兩委”選舉,這也是多重權(quán)力主體博弈的“交鋒處”。其次是對基層組織選舉主體的劃分:村民自治場域中的鄉(xiāng)村精英、普通村民、村民自治場域外部力量——鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府黨委,其中鄉(xiāng)村精英又可以分為:“體制內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)村精英”、“非體制內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)村精英”。第四章是基于新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)這一全新的村民自治場域,以博弈論為分析框架,分別以X(一村一社區(qū))、Y(多村一社區(qū))、Z(兩村一社區(qū))為例,具體剖析了“村兩委”選舉時(shí)多重權(quán)力主體之間的博弈,主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面:鄉(xiāng)村精英與普通村民之間的博弈、體制精英與非體制精英之間的博弈、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)黨委政府與村兩委之間的博弈,這其中又嵌入了宗族、姻親等鄉(xiāng)土因素之間的諸多博弈。第五章梳理了基層組織選舉博弈中的問題及原因,可以總結(jié)為四個(gè)方面:一是農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰落以及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后,農(nóng)村精英及年輕勞動(dòng)力的流失,導(dǎo)致村民自治制度的空轉(zhuǎn);二是在政治文化上,我國農(nóng)村歷來缺乏自治傳統(tǒng),地域民特征明顯;三是村民自治制度作為人造秩序,存在場域外部權(quán)力的輸入問題;四是被激活的宗族宗派在選舉中存在“多數(shù)暴政”現(xiàn)象。第六章主要是為完善基層組織選舉提出的對策。基于新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)“村兩委”選舉博弈的論述,以及選舉博弈中出現(xiàn)的問題,主要從四個(gè)方面探尋基層組織選舉的發(fā)展路徑和實(shí)踐途徑。一是基于發(fā)展農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)和建設(shè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,為基層組織選舉構(gòu)建良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境;二是基于交往行動(dòng)理論,探索基層組織選舉的新路徑,提高村民對于選舉合法性的認(rèn)同;三是推進(jìn)基層組織選舉的制度化,以及村級財(cái)務(wù)人員的“中立”以及財(cái)務(wù)管理的規(guī)范化;四是積極引導(dǎo)社區(qū)自組織的發(fā)展,從而形成村民自治的自發(fā)秩序,使得村民自治制度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來。
[Abstract]:As an important institutional arrangement for grass-roots political participation, grass-roots organization elections provide legal channels for the orderly political participation of the grass-roots citizens in China, thus improving the legitimacy of the grass-roots political power. In the vast rural areas of China, grass-roots organizations include all kinds of organizations located in the town (Office) and village level, mainly refers to village organizations and villages. The "village two committees" as the end of the power of the grass-roots organizations in the rural areas plays a leading role in the practice of villagers' autonomy. In the practice of more than 30 years of villagers' autonomy, the state power has gradually withdrawn from the grass-roots society. However, because of the system, the social and historical factors of the "village and the two committees" are not in the villagers' autonomous field. At the same time, the "village two committees" election has given the opportunity of "legal" input in the name of the village and township governments (the external forces of the villagers autonomous field). The election of the "village two committees" involves the election of the villagers. The participants in the grass-roots organizations (both field and field), and the election process of the "village and the two committees" are also the most obvious and fiercely competitive political process of all parties. Therefore, the main body of the paper is embedded in the election of "village two committees" in the villagers' Autonomous field. The main body of the game is based on their own interests and native people. With mutual coupling and mutual coupling, a seemingly static and dynamic election game is launched. The domestic scholars based on the villagers' autonomy system to the traditional rural community "village and two committees" election is full. And the "village two committees" elected a new practical field after the party's the sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee - a new rural society. However, this new field will be regulated by the traditional rural community local culture and system inertia. With the gradual promotion of the new rural community in the country, the study on the organization and operation mechanism of the new rural community is still in a "window period", especially in the construction of the new rural community grassroots organizations. Under the background of new problems and new development trends, how to construct the grass-roots organizations of new rural communities has become an urgent task to be studied. In order to explore the organization construction of the new rural community grass-roots organizations, this paper embeds the election game into the field of villagers' autonomy system, and analyzes the new rural community as an example. Based on the normative research, the paper constructs the theoretical framework of the power game in the village autonomous field. Based on the empirical study, the paper clarifies the field and the main body of the election game of the grass-roots organizations. The main frame of the thesis includes five parts around the villagers' autonomous field. The main frame of the thesis includes the main part of the paper. The research background, the theoretical significance and the practical significance of the research, and then using the literature analysis method to the grass-roots organization election, especially the "village two committees" election at home and abroad in detail, and then elaborated the research methods, research ideas and innovation points. The second chapter of the paper based on the game theory to build the villagers' autonomous field The theoretical framework of power game in the domain includes game theory, elite theory, public choice theory, institutional ideology theory and communication interaction theory. Based on game theory and public choice theory, the rational economic man game strategy in power game is analyzed, and the power game is deeply analyzed by using the ideology theory of NOS's system. The third chapter clarifies the field and main body of the election of grass-roots organizations. Firstly, the concept of grass-roots organizations and grass-roots organizations is defined, and the field of grass-roots organization election is embedded into the autonomous field of villagers, while the most intense game in the village autonomous field is "the most intense game". The election of the two committees of the village is also the "intersection" of the game of multiple powers. Secondly, the division of the electoral subjects of the grass-roots organizations: the village elite, the ordinary villagers and the external forces of the villagers' autonomy in the villagers' autonomous field - the township government party committees, among which the rural elite can be divided into "the rural elite in the system" and "the non system". The fourth chapter is based on the new rural community, which is based on the new rural community, taking the game theory as the analysis frame, taking X (one village and one community), Y (multi village community), and Z (two village community) as an example. It analyzes the game between the multiple power subjects in the election of the "village two committees", which is mainly embodied in three aspects: the rural elite. Game between the ordinary villagers, the game between the institutional elite and the non institutional elite, the game between the township party committee government and the village two committees, which embeds many games between the clan and the marriage. The fifth chapter combs the questions and reasons in the election game of the grass-roots organizations, which can be summed up in four aspects: one is the countryside. The decline of the collective economy and the backwardness of infrastructure, the loss of the rural elite and the young labor force lead to the empty rotation of the villagers' autonomy system; two in the political culture, the rural areas in our country have always been lack of autonomy tradition, and the characteristics of the local people are obvious; the three is the villagers' autonomy system as an artificial rank order, the input problem of the external power of the field area; and the four is stimulated. The living clansmen sects have "most tyranny" phenomenon in the election. The sixth chapter is mainly to improve the basic organization election countermeasures. Based on the new rural community "village and two committees" election game theory, as well as the problems appearing in the election game, mainly from four aspects to explore the basic layer organization election development path and practical way. It is based on the development of the rural collective economy and the construction of rural infrastructure and the construction of a good economic environment for the election of grass-roots organizations; two, based on the theory of communication and action, to explore the new path for the election of grass-roots organizations and to improve the identity of the villagers for the legitimacy of the election; the three is to promote the institutionalization of the election of grass-roots organizations, as well as the "middle of the village financial personnel." As well as the standardization of financial management, the four is to actively guide the development of community self-organization, thus forming the spontaneous order of villagers' autonomy, making the system of villager autonomy run.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D422.6

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