本文選題：非法人組織 + 主體地位　； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)《民法總則》已于2017年3月15日表決通過(guò)。在總則中,民事權(quán)利主體除傳統(tǒng)的“自然人”與“法人”外,增設(shè)“非法人組織”這一類型。這一立法設(shè)計(jì)上的變動(dòng),系對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于“非法人組織”主體資格長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)議的回應(yīng)。本文從非法人組織的立法規(guī)定和司法實(shí)踐中所遇到的問(wèn)題入手,以概念分析為切入點(diǎn),運(yùn)用歷史溯源法、中外比較法,對(duì)比其他大陸法系國(guó)家、地區(qū)關(guān)于非法人組織的立法例,明晰賦予非法人組織主體資格的現(xiàn)實(shí)必要性。通過(guò)對(duì)不同學(xué)說(shuō)爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)的研究,以《民法總則》、三份草案和幾份學(xué)者建議稿為藍(lán)本,論證非法人組織的主體資格問(wèn)題,探究在立法動(dòng)態(tài)上的價(jià)值選擇和制度設(shè)計(jì)。第一,在引言中交代了選題的意義,簡(jiǎn)述了非法人組織在學(xué)理上的爭(zhēng)議和立法上互相矛盾的規(guī)定,以及在法典編纂中解決這一問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)實(shí)緊迫性。對(duì)這一問(wèn)題作簡(jiǎn)單的研究綜述,介紹域外法的主要觀點(diǎn)以及我國(guó)目前的理論分歧和代表性研究成果。在研究方法上,主要從概念的辨析入手,對(duì)比中外比較法例,厘清不同概念下的法律適用。第二,在正文中分四部分論述:第一部分為“非法人組織的概說(shuō)”,探究其概念、特征和類型,明晰“法人與非法人組織”和“團(tuán)體與非法人組織”這兩對(duì)概念;第二部分為“非法人組織的權(quán)利主體資格”,探析非法人組織的權(quán)利能力、行為能力、責(zé)任能力和財(cái)產(chǎn)問(wèn)題,厘清上述特征與民事主體資格的關(guān)系;第三部分為“非法人組織的訴訟主體資格認(rèn)定困境”,分析程序當(dāng)事人、形式當(dāng)事人、適當(dāng)當(dāng)事人三種不同理論對(duì)非法人組織取得訴訟主體資格的影響,探討缺乏權(quán)利主體資格的非法人組織在確認(rèn)之訴、給付之訴和變更之訴中面臨的問(wèn)題;第四部分為“我國(guó)《民法總則》制定中的非法人組織立法問(wèn)題”,針對(duì)《民法總則》文本、三份草案和幾份學(xué)者建議稿進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,將理論中的爭(zhēng)議落實(shí)到具體制度設(shè)計(jì)中,總結(jié)出不同立法編排的優(yōu)劣。第三,通過(guò)上述的論證,得出本文的結(jié)論。在團(tuán)體人格法定之下,以登記與獨(dú)立責(zé)任為雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn),區(qū)分法人與非法人組織。其中,以是否登記為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將非法人組織區(qū)分為已登記非法人組織和未登記非法人組織。前者依法設(shè)立,具有主體資格,后者則不具有主體資格�！睹穹ǹ倓t》中的“非法人組織”僅指前者,對(duì)后者的立法仍為空白。如何協(xié)調(diào)團(tuán)體人格在立法制度上的區(qū)別,解決非法人組織的主體資格問(wèn)題,是本文討論的最終落腳點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The General principles of Civil Law of China were passed on March 15, 2017. In the general principles, the subject of civil rights, in addition to the traditional "natural person" and "legal person", added the type of "non-legal person organization". This change in legislative design is a response to the long-standing controversy in academic circles about the subject qualification of unincorporated organizations. This article starts with the legislative provisions and the problems encountered in the judicial practice of the non-legal person organization, taking the concept analysis as the breakthrough point, using the historical traceability law, the Chinese and foreign comparative law, contrasts other civil law countries, the region regarding the legal person organization legislation example, It is necessary to make clear the qualification of non-legal person organization. Based on the research of different theories and the general principles of civil law, three drafts and several suggestions of scholars, this paper demonstrates the subject qualification of the non-legal person organization, and probes into the value choice and system design in the legislative dynamics First, the significance of the topic is explained in the introduction, and the controversy between the unincorporated organizations in theory and the contradictory provisions in legislation, as well as the practical urgency to solve this problem in the codification are briefly described. This paper gives a brief review of the research on this issue, introduces the main viewpoints of the extraterritorial law and the current theoretical differences and representative research results of our country. In terms of research methods, it mainly starts with the discrimination of concepts, compares Chinese and foreign comparative laws, and clarifies the application of laws under different concepts. Second, the text is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the organization of legal persons, explore its concept, characteristics and types, clear "legal person and non-legal organization" and "group and non-legal person organization" the two pairs of concepts; The second part is "the qualification of the right subject of the non-legal person organization", analyzes the right capacity, the behavior capacity, the responsibility ability and the property of the non-legal person organization, and clarifies the relationship between the above characteristics and the qualification of the civil subject The third part is "the dilemma of the qualification of the litigation subject of the unincorporated organization", and analyzes the influence of three different theories on the qualification of the litigation subject of the non-legal person organization, namely the procedural party, the formal party and the appropriate party. This paper discusses the problems faced by the unincorporated organizations that lack the qualification of the subject of rights in the process of confirmation, payment and alteration. The fourth part is the legislative problems of the unincorporated organizations in the formulation of the General principles of Civil Law in China. In view of the text of General principles of Civil Law, three drafts and several suggestions of scholars are compared and analyzed, the disputes in theory are carried out into the design of specific systems, and the advantages and disadvantages of different legislative arrangements are summarized. Third, through the above argument, draw the conclusion of this paper. Under the statutory law of group personality, the double standard of registration and independent responsibility is used to distinguish legal person from non-legal organization. According to the criterion of registration, the non-legal person organization is divided into the registered non-legal person organization and the non-registered non-legal person organization. The former is established according to law and has the qualification of subject, but the latter does not. The "unincorporated organization" in General principles of Civil Law refers only to the former, and the legislation on the latter is still blank. How to coordinate the differences of group personality in the legislative system and solve the problem of the subject qualification of the non-legal person organization is the ultimate goal of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：2014639