本文選題：三權(quán)分置 + 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：分析當(dāng)前農(nóng)地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)狀可以得知,盡管農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)呈遞增趨勢,但土地流轉(zhuǎn)仍未滿足農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的需要;農(nóng)村土地生產(chǎn)環(huán)境呈現(xiàn)承包者與經(jīng)營者分離的形態(tài),需要調(diào)整農(nóng)地權(quán)利關(guān)系以激活現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)地資源�，F(xiàn)行關(guān)于農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)存在現(xiàn)實困境和法律缺陷,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)地資源未得到最大效用的發(fā)揮。為改變現(xiàn)狀中央適時出臺農(nóng)地三權(quán)分置政策,選擇農(nóng)地所有權(quán)、承包權(quán)與經(jīng)營權(quán)三權(quán)分別設(shè)置的改革路徑,意圖用活農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)。在現(xiàn)行農(nóng)地承包制框架內(nèi),需要先取得土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)后才能對農(nóng)地進行農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)作為一項用益物權(quán)探究其實質(zhì)內(nèi)核發(fā)現(xiàn),土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)包含承包權(quán)(土地用益物權(quán)的取得)與經(jīng)營權(quán)(土地用益物權(quán)的行使權(quán)利)兩部分內(nèi)容。農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)的是行使土地用益物權(quán)這部分內(nèi)容,而土地用益物權(quán)取得仍是屬于承包農(nóng)戶,這部分不涉及流轉(zhuǎn),也不能發(fā)生流轉(zhuǎn)。我們認為,在農(nóng)地集體所有制下,取得土地用益物權(quán)的行使權(quán)是農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)的前提條件,因為農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)形成條件之一是先要取得對土地的用益物權(quán)。此外,經(jīng)營行為是對物進行改造,在具備經(jīng)營客體(物)這一前提下,還需要經(jīng)營主體(人的勞動力)條件。這也就是說:開展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營生產(chǎn),經(jīng)營者要先取得對土地用益物權(quán)行使的權(quán)利,并且還需要人的勞動力用于安排農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與產(chǎn)品處置,如此才能完成整項經(jīng)營活動。農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體的勞動力是屬于自己所有的,經(jīng)營后的成果歸農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體處置,保障勞有所得,促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)有著自身的特殊性有別于其他類型的用益物權(quán),應(yīng)對農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)賦予其涵義以助于引導(dǎo)農(nóng)地有序流轉(zhuǎn)�，F(xiàn)行農(nóng)村土地制度尚未對農(nóng)地承包權(quán)與農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)區(qū)別對待,農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)內(nèi)容在法律上還是模糊地帶,農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)的抵押融資功能受局限,導(dǎo)致土地不能高質(zhì)量流轉(zhuǎn)。農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)與農(nóng)地承包權(quán)是不同的;農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)與土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)二者在社會基礎(chǔ)、權(quán)利主體范圍以及權(quán)利內(nèi)容上存在著差異。在當(dāng)前農(nóng)地三權(quán)分置改革背景下,應(yīng)當(dāng)對農(nóng)地三權(quán)作出立法回應(yīng),構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的具體法律制度來化解當(dāng)前農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)抵押、擔(dān)保的流轉(zhuǎn)困境。本文在農(nóng)地三權(quán)分置背景下探究農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的法律促進,提出要確立農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)新理念:農(nóng)地承包權(quán)與經(jīng)營權(quán)分置、農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)單獨流轉(zhuǎn)理念;修訂農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)法律內(nèi)容,促進農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)入股、擔(dān)保法律制度發(fā)展,形成高效農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn);同時基于農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)險防范與實現(xiàn)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的需要構(gòu)建農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)相配套機制:建立農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)交易服務(wù)機制,建立農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)險保障金機制,完善農(nóng)地經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)后的政府監(jiān)督機制。
[Abstract]:After analyzing the current situation of farmland contract management right transfer, we can know that although the rural land circulation is increasing, the land circulation still does not meet the needs of moderate scale management of agriculture. The rural land production environment is characterized by the separation of the contractor and the operator, so it is necessary to adjust the relationship of farmland rights in order to activate the existing farmland resources. There are practical difficulties and legal defects in the transfer of rural land contractual management right, which leads to the lack of maximum utility of agricultural land resources. In order to change the present situation, the central government should timely issue the policy of farmland three rights separation, and choose the reform path of farmland ownership, contract right and management right respectively, with the intention of using active farmland management right. Within the framework of the current farmland contract system, we should obtain the land contract management right before we can carry on the agricultural production to the farmland. As a usufruct right, it is found that the land contractual management right should consist of two parts: contracting right (acquisition of land usufruct right) and management right (exercise right of land usufruct right). The transfer of agricultural land is the exercise of land usufruct, and the acquisition of land usufruct is still contracted farmers, this part does not involve circulation, nor can it occur. We believe that under the collective ownership of agricultural land, obtaining the exercise of land usufruct right is the precondition of farmland management right, because one of the forming conditions of farmland management right is to obtain the usufruct right of land first. In addition, the operation behavior is to transform the property, under the premise of having the management object (thing), it also needs the management subject (the human labor force) condition. That is to say, to develop agricultural production, the operator should first obtain the right to exercise the usufruct right of land, and also need the human labor force to arrange the agricultural production and product disposal, so as to complete the whole operation. The labor force of the main body of agricultural management belongs to its own, and the results after operation are disposed of by the main body of agricultural management, which guarantees the income of the workers and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture. The farmland management right has its own particularity, which is different from other types of usufruct right, so it should be endowed with its meaning to help guide the orderly circulation of agricultural land. The current rural land system has not yet differentiated between the farmland contract right and the farmland management right, the content of the farmland management right is still vague in the law, and the mortgage financing function of the farmland management right is limited, resulting in the land cannot be transferred with high quality. The farmland management right and the farmland contract right are different, and the farmland management right and the land contract management right are different in the social foundation, the right subject scope and the right content. Under the background of the reform of the three rights of agricultural land separation, we should make a legislative response to the three rights of agricultural land, and construct a scientific and reasonable legal system to resolve the plight of the circulation of the mortgage and guarantee of the management right of agricultural land at present. This paper probes into the legal promotion of farmland management right transfer under the background of farmland three rights division, and puts forward the new concept of farmland management right transfer: farmland contract right and management right split, farmland management right separate circulation idea; Revising the law content of farmland management right circulation, promoting the farmland management right to enter the stock, guaranteeing the development of legal system, forming the efficient farmland circulation; At the same time, based on the need of preventing the risk of agricultural land circulation and realizing the development of agricultural modernization on a moderate scale, the corresponding mechanism of agricultural land management right transfer should be established: establishing the transaction service mechanism of farmland management right circulation. Establishing the risk guarantee mechanism of farmland management right circulation and perfecting the government supervision mechanism after farmland management right circulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.32

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本文編號：2006251