本文選題：生育權(quán) + 社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)　； 參考：《蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著新《人口與計(jì)劃生育法》的頒布實(shí)施,使得“全面二孩”政策在法律上得到了確認(rèn),這同時(shí)也是對(duì)人權(quán)尤其是公民生育權(quán)保護(hù)的傾斜。然而這項(xiàng)政策的設(shè)置前提仍是堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育的基本國(guó)策,并且以征收社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)為限制措施。但是原來(lái)社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)的征收對(duì)象(二孩家庭)已不再適宜現(xiàn)行法律的規(guī)定,加上社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)不管是在制度本身的設(shè)計(jì)方面還是在實(shí)踐中的征收、管理和使用方面都存在眾多弊端。該政策在向保護(hù)公民生育權(quán)傾斜的同時(shí),并沒(méi)有對(duì)該項(xiàng)人權(quán)的有效實(shí)現(xiàn)提供一個(gè)良好的保障機(jī)制,比如經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)、養(yǎng)育成本、女性的職業(yè)發(fā)展等,這種種的原因?qū)е铝巳缃袢藗冚^低的生育意愿。基于以上問(wèn)題,社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收制度是否還有其存在的必要性?公民生育權(quán)是否應(yīng)該無(wú)限制的去保護(hù)?因此,本文立足于公民生育權(quán)的視角下,對(duì)社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度進(jìn)行探討,提出公民生育權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利,要使其充分的得到保障應(yīng)當(dāng)包括合理限制和全面保護(hù)兩個(gè)方面。為了平衡公民生育權(quán)與社會(huì)公共資源之間的利益,社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度作為限制措施仍有其存在的必要性,并認(rèn)為“全面二孩”政策未能順利實(shí)施有賴(lài)于相關(guān)生育制度的保障,并分析了當(dāng)前我國(guó)生育保險(xiǎn)制度凸顯的缺陷。然后通過(guò)梳理各省社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度相關(guān)規(guī)定,揭示其在法律體系及其運(yùn)行過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題。最后,從社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收制度設(shè)計(jì)本身及其相關(guān)的配套機(jī)制兩個(gè)方面提出完善建議。基于以上思路,本文的主要內(nèi)容分為以下幾個(gè)部分:第一部分:緒論;主要對(duì)選題的背景和意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)生育權(quán)以及社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收制度的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述,為論文的寫(xiě)作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第二部分:公民生育權(quán)與社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度基本概述。主要從生育與生育權(quán)概念的界定、生育權(quán)的具體內(nèi)容、生育權(quán)的限制與保護(hù)、社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)的演變過(guò)程、性質(zhì)和幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了闡述。第三部分:社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收的理論基礎(chǔ);主要從適度人口理論、公共利益理論以及社會(huì)公平理論三個(gè)方面來(lái)分析,有助于為下文的寫(xiě)作做好基礎(chǔ)。第四部分:公民生育權(quán)視角下社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度存在的必要性分析;主要從公民生育權(quán)與環(huán)境權(quán)的角度、公民生育權(quán)權(quán)利與義務(wù)統(tǒng)一性的角度、公民生育權(quán)與計(jì)劃生育政策的角度以及“全面二孩”實(shí)施一周年的效果這幾個(gè)方面來(lái)闡述繼續(xù)征收社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)的理由。第五部分:社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度存在的問(wèn)題;主要通過(guò)對(duì)《社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收管理辦法》以及各省有關(guān)社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收制度的相關(guān)規(guī)定的梳理,從立法以及社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收制度設(shè)計(jì)本身存在的問(wèn)題兩個(gè)方面來(lái)分析。第六部分:社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收法律制度的完善;首先從完善立法出發(fā),提出應(yīng)盡快出臺(tái)《社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)征收管理?xiàng)l例》并詳盡規(guī)定社會(huì)撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)的性質(zhì)和目的、征收主體、征收對(duì)象、征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、征收程序以及相應(yīng)的監(jiān)督制度;其次認(rèn)識(shí)到公民生育權(quán)作為人們的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利,它要求國(guó)家不僅要承擔(dān)公民自由行使生育權(quán)的義務(wù),而且還要提供物質(zhì)條件和精神利益幫助公民實(shí)現(xiàn)生育權(quán)。所以,我們?cè)趯?duì)生育權(quán)進(jìn)行限制的同時(shí)應(yīng)完善我國(guó)的生育保險(xiǎn)制度,并通過(guò)強(qiáng)化利益導(dǎo)向機(jī)制來(lái)引導(dǎo)人們按政策生育。
[Abstract]:With the promulgation and implementation of the new "population and family planning law", the policy of "all two children" has been confirmed by law, which is also an inclination to the protection of human rights, especially the protection of civil rights of citizens. However, the premise of this policy is still to adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, and to impose restrictions on the collection of social support. The object of the expropriation of the social maintenance fee (the two child family) is no longer suitable for the provisions of the current law, and there are many disadvantages in the management and use of the social maintenance fee, whether it is in the design of the system itself or in practice. The effective realization provides a good guarantee mechanism, such as the economic burden, the breeding cost, the women's career development and so on. This kind of reason leads to the lower fertility wishes of the people today. This article, based on the perspective of the right of civil birth, discusses the legal system of the collection of social support, and puts forward that the right to birth is a basic right, which should include two aspects: reasonable restriction and comprehensive protection. In order to balance the interests between the rights of citizens and the social and public resources, the social rearing will be balanced. The legal system of the fee collection is still necessary as a restriction measure, and it is believed that the failure to implement the "comprehensive two child" policy depends on the protection of the relevant reproductive system, and analyzes the defects of the present Chinese reproductive insurance system. On the basis of the above ideas, the main contents of this paper are divided into the following parts: the first part: introduction, the introduction, the background and significance of the topic, and the birth rights at home and abroad. The literature of the collection system of social support fee is summarized, which lays the foundation for the writing of the paper. The second part: the basic outline of the legal system of the collection of the right of childbearing and the social rearing fee, mainly from the definition of the concept of birth and birth right, the specific content of the birth right, the restriction and protection of the birth right, the evolution process of the social maintenance fee, and the nature of the social upbringing. And several aspects are expounded. The third part: the theoretical basis of the collection of social maintenance fees; mainly from three aspects of the theory of moderate population, the theory of public interest and the theory of social equity, which is helpful to the foundation of the writing below. The fourth part: the necessity of the existence of the legal system for the expropriation of the social maintenance fee under the view of the citizen's right of childbearing. From the angle of the citizen's birth right and environmental right, the angle of the unity of the right and duty of the citizen's birth right, the angle of the citizen's birth right and family planning policy and the effect of the 1st Anniversary full two child, the fifth part: the law of the social maintenance fee. The existing problems of the system; mainly through the collection and management of the "social maintenance fee" and the relevant provisions of the relevant provisions of the collection system of social maintenance fees in the provinces, from the legislation and the social maintenance fee collection system design itself two aspects of the problems. The sixth part: the legal system of the collection of social maintenance fees; first of all, In order to improve the legislation, it is suggested that the regulations on the management of social maintenance fee should be promulgated as soon as possible, the nature and purpose of the social maintenance fee, the subject, the collection object, the collection standard, the expropriation procedure and the corresponding supervision system; secondly, the citizen's birth right is recognized as a basic right of the people, and it requires the state not only to bear the responsibility. Citizens have the obligation to exercise their reproductive rights freely, and also provide material conditions and spiritual interests to help citizens realize the right to bear birth. Therefore, we should improve our country's birth insurance system while restricting the right to fertility, and guide people to give birth to policy by strengthening the interest oriented mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1

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本文編號(hào)：1945896