本文選題：政治發(fā)展道路 + 南非��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：政治發(fā)展理論研究至今,產(chǎn)生了眾多政治發(fā)展理論流派,也衍生了許多政治發(fā)展理論研究的角度和方向,不同國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化、民主化的政治發(fā)展路徑也呈現(xiàn)出各式各樣的形式。在和平與發(fā)展為時(shí)代主題的今天,政治發(fā)展的方式和道路選擇也應(yīng)與時(shí)代接軌,以和平為主題。面對(duì)國(guó)家國(guó)內(nèi)外沖突時(shí),沖突的解決方式也由斗爭(zhēng)方式走向和解。和解政治發(fā)展方式的出現(xiàn)顯得尤為重要。和解政治是在寬容和正義的精神理念下實(shí)現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展的思維方式和行為規(guī)范。強(qiáng)調(diào)把寬容作為民主協(xié)商、平等對(duì)話以及和平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)理念,和解政治是構(gòu)建正義、促進(jìn)民主的政治發(fā)展過程。南非政治發(fā)展過程是世界政治發(fā)展歷程中的一個(gè)典型案例,在消除歷時(shí)百年余久的種族歧視,消除用法律和制度規(guī)定下種族隔離制度的過程中,沒有出現(xiàn)一個(gè)種族消滅另一個(gè)種族的屠殺事件,而是在政治發(fā)展的過程中,對(duì)立的種族雙方尋求談判的可能,不斷通過交涉手段、協(xié)商和妥協(xié)的方式最終實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)種族之間的和解,實(shí)現(xiàn)南非向民主國(guó)家的轉(zhuǎn)變。此外,在南非黑人取得平等的社會(huì)地位,獲得民主權(quán)力后,新南非通過寬容、和解的政治發(fā)展理念構(gòu)建新南非的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)制度。通過法律、制度形式將政治和解、寬容精神貫徹到國(guó)家公民社會(huì)生活之中,培育和發(fā)展寬恕、平等、民主、公平的政治文化。同時(shí),南非還通過設(shè)置真相與和解委員會(huì)等方式,清除不同種族之間的歷史仇恨,以真相換寬恕的方式構(gòu)建社會(huì)正義。南非消除種族隔離制度的過程正是和解政治在南非政治發(fā)展道路中作用的體現(xiàn)�？v觀當(dāng)下國(guó)際社會(huì),國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際都存在許多不可調(diào)和的矛盾,如種族沖突、宗教沖突等等,以及衍生出的國(guó)際恐怖主義和分裂主義,其次還存在許多國(guó)與國(guó)之間的歷史仇恨。和解政治倡導(dǎo)一種寬容與和平理念,倡導(dǎo)對(duì)立方以寬容的方式促成談判的實(shí)現(xiàn),以和解的態(tài)度實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏。
[Abstract]:Up to now, political development theory has produced many schools of political development theory, and has also derived many angles and directions of political development theory research. The political development path of modernization and democratization of different countries also presents various forms. Today, when peace and development are the theme of the times, the way and choice of political development should also be in line with the times and take peace as the theme. In the face of domestic and foreign conflicts, the way to resolve conflicts is from struggle to reconciliation. The emergence of the political development of reconciliation is particularly important. Conciliatory politics is a way of thinking and a standard of conduct to realize peaceful development under the spirit of tolerance and justice. It emphasizes that tolerance is the basic concept of democratic consultation, equal dialogue and peaceful competition, and the politics of reconciliation is the political development process of constructing justice and promoting democracy. The process of political development in South Africa is a typical case in the course of political development in the world. In the process of eliminating racial discrimination, which lasted for more than a hundred years, and eliminating apartheid under the provisions of laws and systems, There was no massacre of one race against another, but in the course of political development, opposing racial parties sought the possibility of negotiation and continued to negotiate by means of negotiation. Negotiations and compromises culminate in reconciliation between the two races and the transition from South Africa to democracy. In addition, after the black people in South Africa obtained equal social status and gained democratic power, the new South Africa constructed the new South Africa's political, economic and social system through the political development concept of tolerance and reconciliation. Through the form of law and system, the spirit of political reconciliation and tolerance is carried out into the civil society of the country, and the political culture of forgiveness, equality, democracy and fairness is cultivated and developed. At the same time, South Africa has also set up truth and reconciliation commissions to eliminate historical hatred among different races and to build social justice through truth for forgiveness. The process of eliminating apartheid in South Africa is the embodiment of the role of reconciliation politics in the political development of South Africa. Throughout the current international community, there are many irreconcilable contradictions, such as ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, and the resulting international terrorism and separatism, followed by historical hatred between many countries. The politics of reconciliation advocates a concept of tolerance and peace, and advocates that the opposing parties bring about the realization of negotiations in a tolerant manner and achieve win-win results in a conciliatory manner.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D747.8

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