本文選題：失能老年人 + 長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,人民生活水平的逐步提高,我國(guó)不可避免地邁入了老齡化社會(huì)。我國(guó)人口基數(shù)大,老年人口數(shù)量多,相比于其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),我們面臨的是前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。如何讓工作一輩子的老年人能夠安度晚年,成為社會(huì)各界關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。在中華優(yōu)秀的傳統(tǒng)文化中,“孝”始終占據(jù)著特殊的地位,始終作為一種倫理道德規(guī)范,有著維系家庭團(tuán)結(jié)、保持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的特殊作用�！对�(shī)經(jīng)》中提到:“父母,生我養(yǎng)我,育我鞠我”,講的是,父母對(duì)我們有生育之情,養(yǎng)育之情,教育之情。這三種恩情就需要我們子孫后代通過(guò)贍養(yǎng)老人來(lái)報(bào)答。人在步入老年時(shí),不能繼續(xù)為國(guó)家和社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的時(shí)候,國(guó)家和社會(huì)各界應(yīng)該承擔(dān)起對(duì)老人的贍養(yǎng)義務(wù)。但是在當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,西方思想涌入國(guó)內(nèi),人們的思想意識(shí)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,開始崇尚個(gè)人主義、利益至上原則,各種拜金主義享樂主義盛行,不斷的沖擊著我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化,尊老愛老的觀念越來(lái)越淡薄。老人,尤其是如何照顧失能老人的晚年生活成為一大難題。一直以來(lái)在我國(guó)發(fā)揮著重要作用的家庭養(yǎng)老模式,主要由子女在家中贍養(yǎng)老人。但隨著計(jì)劃生育政策的實(shí)施,家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的縮小,女性工作意識(shí)的提高等原因逐漸被削弱,關(guān)于老人的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題成為一大難題,如何護(hù)理失能老人的日常生活更是困難。雖然我國(guó)政府相繼推行了一系列針對(duì)老年人養(yǎng)老的福利政策來(lái)緩解養(yǎng)老壓力,大力鼓勵(lì)公立和私立養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)提供養(yǎng)老服務(wù)。但是無(wú)論是在家庭養(yǎng)老、社區(qū)養(yǎng)老還是機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老中,都缺乏專業(yè)的護(hù)理工作隊(duì)伍,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施康復(fù)器材都不夠完善,所以我國(guó)目前長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)仍存在缺失。本文通過(guò)分析對(duì)比美國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的老年人長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)制度的發(fā)展過(guò)程,并結(jié)合中國(guó)的實(shí)際國(guó)情,重塑國(guó)人孝道觀念,通過(guò)弘揚(yáng)中華上下五千年的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化,將傳統(tǒng)“尊老愛老”與現(xiàn)代的思想觀念相結(jié)合,在充分考慮到我國(guó)老年人的生活習(xí)慣的前提下,提出了家庭照護(hù)和社區(qū)照護(hù)相結(jié)合的新觀點(diǎn),逐步提高我國(guó)護(hù)理工作者的專業(yè)素質(zhì),鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)各界尤其是非政府組織加入到老年人長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)的隊(duì)伍中來(lái),希望能為我國(guó)老年人長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)的健康發(fā)展提供有益的幫助。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, our country inevitably enters the aging society. Compared with other countries and regions, our country faces unprecedented challenges because of its large population base and large number of elderly people. How to make the old people who work all their lives can live in their old age has become a hot issue concerned by all walks of life. In China's excellent traditional culture, filial piety has always occupied a special position, always as an ethical norm, has a special role in maintaining family unity and maintaining social stability. The Book of songs says: "parents, give birth to me and raise me. The parents have the feeling of bearing, nurturing, and education. These three kinds of kindness need to be repaid by our descendants by supporting the elderly. When people step into old age, they can not continue to contribute to the country and society. But under the current market economy condition, the western thought flows into the domestic, people's ideological consciousness changes, begins to advocate the individualism, the benefit first principle, each kind of money worship hedonism prevails, unceasingly impinges our country's traditional culture. The idea of respecting the old and loving the old is becoming weaker and weaker. Old people, especially how to take care of the disabled in their old age has become a major problem. The family pension model, which has been playing an important role in our country, is mainly supported by children at home. However, with the implementation of family planning policy, the shrinking of family structure, the improvement of female working consciousness, and other reasons are gradually weakened, about the elderly pension problem has become a major problem, how to care for the disabled old people's daily life is even more difficult. Although our government has carried out a series of welfare policies for the aged to relieve the pressure of the aged, we strongly encourage public and private pension institutions to provide services for the aged. However, both in the family pension, community pension or institutional pension, there is a lack of professional nursing work team, infrastructure rehabilitation equipment are not perfect, so there is still lack of long-term care in our country. By analyzing and comparing the development process of the long-term care system for the elderly in the United States, Japan, Germany and Taiwan, and combining the actual conditions of China, this paper rebuilds the concept of filial piety among the Chinese people, and by carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of five thousand years from top to bottom of China, Combining the traditional "respecting the elderly and loving the elderly" with the modern ideas, and taking fully into account the living habits of the elderly in our country, this paper puts forward a new viewpoint of combining family care with community care. To gradually improve the professional quality of nursing workers in our country and encourage all walks of life, especially non-governmental organizations, to join the ranks of long-term care for the elderly, it is hoped that it can provide beneficial help for the healthy development of long-term care for the elderly in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6;D649

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