本文選題：公務(wù)員 + 憲法觀念�。� 參考：《長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：憲法作為我國(guó)的根本大法,具有較高的權(quán)威與地位。憲法對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),不僅僅是一部簡(jiǎn)單的法律,更是一個(gè)國(guó)家穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ),因此,憲法在我國(guó)具有較高的地位。公務(wù)員的憲法觀念是指依法實(shí)行職責(zé)并被納入國(guó)家行政編制的人員對(duì)于憲法的實(shí)質(zhì)、功能及具有的價(jià)值等問(wèn)題的見(jiàn)解及其觀念。在我國(guó),由于憲法觀念主體在國(guó)家政治生活中具有的不同功用,本文將公務(wù)員這一特殊群體的憲法觀念稱之為公務(wù)員的憲法觀念。從行政權(quán)力的角度看,在我國(guó)的現(xiàn)有體制中,行政權(quán)占據(jù)了國(guó)家權(quán)力中較為主導(dǎo)的地位,那么國(guó)家對(duì)于實(shí)施依法治國(guó),要建設(shè)法治國(guó)家的基本方略,關(guān)鍵而核心的就是要依憲行政。從公務(wù)員管理制度建設(shè)角度看,中外的公務(wù)員制度無(wú)疑不是一項(xiàng)重要的憲政制度。憲政的意思,就是憲法政治,是指根據(jù)憲法對(duì)社會(huì)政治關(guān)系所調(diào)節(jié)而形成的基本政治制度;從法治實(shí)踐來(lái)看,憲法觀念不是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)政治文化所固有的,它發(fā)端于西方,很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)缺乏觀念的支持,因而在我國(guó)憲法權(quán)威至今沒(méi)有真正的樹(shù)立起來(lái),以致法治精神未落到實(shí)處,從而導(dǎo)致行政權(quán)力腐敗及濫用的發(fā)生。提高公務(wù)員的憲法觀念是一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題,所以研究公務(wù)員的憲法觀念培育有著重要的理論與實(shí)踐意義。時(shí)至今日,越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家承認(rèn)了憲法的價(jià)值,但實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)施憲法觀念的培育成為每個(gè)國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)期而又艱難的任務(wù)。本文以馬克思主義憲法思想為指導(dǎo),立足于我國(guó)公務(wù)員的客觀實(shí)際,對(duì)公務(wù)員憲法觀念培育問(wèn)題做系統(tǒng)性的初步探討。首先對(duì)我國(guó)公務(wù)員的憲法觀念進(jìn)行了深入的研究,揭示了我國(guó)公務(wù)員憲法觀念存在的主要問(wèn)題,從公務(wù)員自身看,其整體憲法觀念存在著誤區(qū),對(duì)憲法的認(rèn)知不夠,被“憲法無(wú)用論”的思想所占據(jù),認(rèn)為部門(mén)法意識(shí)強(qiáng)于刑法、民法、經(jīng)濟(jì)法等實(shí)體法意識(shí),公務(wù)員對(duì)憲法的功用認(rèn)識(shí)不足;從教育培訓(xùn)角度看,社會(huì)對(duì)憲法培訓(xùn)重視不夠,憲法培訓(xùn)制度不完善。其次,針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,深刻分析了成因,明確指出有歷史的原因、傳統(tǒng)文化的影響以及排斥法治的社會(huì)心理因素等。另外,本文借鑒了國(guó)外在培養(yǎng)公務(wù)員憲法觀念的經(jīng)驗(yàn),大大加深了對(duì)公務(wù)員在培養(yǎng)憲法觀念上的研究。最后,在理論與實(shí)踐結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了我國(guó)公務(wù)員憲法觀念培育的建議和策略。一方面要堅(jiān)持正確的憲法觀念培育原則,進(jìn)行全員培訓(xùn),顯性教育與隱性教育相互配合,理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合;另一方面,積極優(yōu)化我國(guó)公務(wù)員憲法觀念培育的對(duì)策,使每一個(gè)公務(wù)員樹(shù)立憲法權(quán)威觀念,完善憲法觀念培育內(nèi)容,改進(jìn)憲法觀念培育方式,深化憲法宣誓制度,健全法律素質(zhì)考核機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:As the fundamental law of our country, constitution has higher authority and status. Constitution is not only a simple law for a country, but also the basis of a country's stability. Therefore, constitution has a higher status in our country. The constitutional concept of civil servants refers to the views and ideas of the people who carry out their duties according to the law and are brought into the state administrative system, such as the essence, function and value of the constitution. In China, due to the different functions of the subject of the constitutional concept in the political life of the country, this paper calls the constitutional concept of the civil servant as the constitutional idea of the civil servant. From the point of view of administrative power, in the existing system of our country, the administrative power occupies a more dominant position in the state power. The key and core is to administer according to the constitution. From the point of view of the construction of civil servant management system, the civil servant system at home and abroad is no doubt not an important constitutional system. The meaning of constitutionalism, that is, constitutional politics, refers to the basic political system formed according to the regulation of social and political relations by the Constitution. From the point of view of the practice of the rule of law, the constitutional concept is not inherent in the traditional political culture of our country, but originated in the West. For a long time, because of the lack of the support of the concept, the authority of the constitution in our country has not been really established, and the spirit of the rule of law has not been put into practice, which leads to the corruption and abuse of administrative power. It is an urgent problem to improve the constitutional concept of civil servants, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the cultivation of civil servants' constitutional concept. Nowadays, more and more countries recognize the value of constitution, but it is a long and difficult task for each country to carry out the concept of constitution. Under the guidance of Marxist constitutional thought and based on the objective reality of civil servants in our country, this paper makes a systematic preliminary discussion on the cultivation of civil servants' constitutional concept. First of all, it makes a deep research on the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country, and reveals the main problems existing in the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country. From the perspective of the civil servants themselves, there are some misunderstandings in the overall concept of the constitution, and the understanding of the constitution is not enough. Occupied by the idea of "the useless Theory of Constitution", the author thinks that the consciousness of branch law is stronger than that of substantive law such as criminal law, civil law and economic law, and that civil servants do not know enough about the function of constitution, and from the angle of education and training, the society does not attach enough importance to constitution training. The constitution training system is not perfect. Secondly, the causes of the above problems are deeply analyzed, and the historical reasons, the influence of traditional culture and the social and psychological factors that exclude the rule of law are pointed out. In addition, this paper draws lessons from the experience of foreign countries in cultivating the concept of constitution of civil servants, and greatly deepens the research on the concept of constitution of civil servants. Finally, on the basis of the combination of theory and practice, this paper puts forward some suggestions and strategies for cultivating the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country. On the one hand, we should adhere to the principle of cultivating the correct constitutional concept, conduct all-staff training, coordinate explicit education with implicit education, and combine theory with practice; on the other hand, we should actively optimize the countermeasures for fostering the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country. To make every civil servant set up the concept of constitutional authority, perfect the content of cultivation of constitutional concept, improve the way of cultivating constitutional concept, deepen the system of constitutional oath, and perfect the examination mechanism of legal quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D630.3;D921

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