本文選題：終身監(jiān)禁 + 貪污受賄��； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：終身監(jiān)禁在國(guó)外普遍適用,已經(jīng)形成了一種很成熟的制度,是大多數(shù)國(guó)家打擊嚴(yán)重暴力犯罪最嚴(yán)厲的刑罰。在貪腐問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重的今天,刑法修正案(九)在重特大貪污受賄罪中設(shè)立了終身監(jiān)禁。對(duì)于我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)終身監(jiān)禁還是個(gè)新興事物。鑒于我國(guó)慎用死刑的政策,加之實(shí)踐中存在貪污受賄的犯罪分子通過(guò)減刑、假釋逃避刑罰的問(wèn)題,筆者明確了在重特大貪污受賄罪中引入終身監(jiān)禁的必要性與緊迫性。截止到筆者定稿,我國(guó)一共有三例判處終身監(jiān)禁的案例。鑒于可參考的案例較少,加之刑法只有一條關(guān)于終身監(jiān)禁的條文,實(shí)踐中應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣具體適用終身監(jiān)禁這一刑罰措施就成了本文的寫(xiě)作重點(diǎn)。筆者以我國(guó)終身監(jiān)禁第一人白恩培案為切入點(diǎn),以案例解讀法條,詳細(xì)闡述了終身監(jiān)禁的適用對(duì)象、情形和原則等問(wèn)題。本文又以案例印證法律規(guī)定,同時(shí)又依據(jù)案例分析出了相關(guān)法律規(guī)定的不足之處。最后,通過(guò)對(duì)法律條文的詳細(xì)解讀,筆者試圖提出了完善終身監(jiān)禁的一些建議。如何準(zhǔn)確適用終身監(jiān)禁是實(shí)踐中最重要的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合我國(guó)已經(jīng)決定適用終身監(jiān)禁的案例,筆者在文章中解讀了終身監(jiān)禁的具體適用條件。筆者在文章中最先概括了終身監(jiān)禁的起源以及終身監(jiān)禁在國(guó)外的立法情況,可以看出終身監(jiān)禁在國(guó)外大多數(shù)國(guó)家在很早之前就已經(jīng)適用并且適用對(duì)象廣泛,可以說(shuō)是一種很成熟的量刑制度。進(jìn)而分析了我國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)于終身監(jiān)禁性質(zhì)的不同觀點(diǎn),包括終身監(jiān)禁的性質(zhì)是獨(dú)立刑種、刑罰執(zhí)行措施和死刑替代措施,筆者得到的結(jié)論是我國(guó)的終身監(jiān)禁是一種執(zhí)行措施。第二部分,筆者以我國(guó)首例判處終身監(jiān)禁的案例為切入點(diǎn),分析了終身監(jiān)禁的立法規(guī)定,即對(duì)貪污受賄數(shù)額特別巨大,并造成特別重大損失且被判處死刑緩期執(zhí)行的犯罪分子,法院在量刑時(shí)可以酌定宣告在判處犯罪分子死刑緩期兩年執(zhí)行期滿轉(zhuǎn)為無(wú)期徒刑后增加不得減刑假釋的終身監(jiān)禁。筆者通過(guò)法律條文和實(shí)踐案例相結(jié)合的方式,針對(duì)該法條詳細(xì)解讀了終身監(jiān)禁在實(shí)踐中的具體適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn),包括適用的對(duì)象、情形、原則和終身監(jiān)禁的溯及力問(wèn)題。明確了終身監(jiān)禁的適用對(duì)象、情形和原則等問(wèn)題,才能在實(shí)踐中做到更準(zhǔn)確的量刑。此外,終身監(jiān)禁作為真正的無(wú)期徒刑,筆者還對(duì)比了其與我國(guó)現(xiàn)行刑法中的無(wú)期徒刑的異同,精確定位了終身監(jiān)禁的適用范圍。第三部分筆者闡述了在貪污受賄罪中增設(shè)終身監(jiān)禁的目的和意義,特別是終身監(jiān)禁僅適用于重特大貪污受賄犯罪,不僅具有明顯的政治價(jià)值,對(duì)我國(guó)的刑罰體系也有重要意義。它既可以打擊現(xiàn)階段嚴(yán)重的貪腐現(xiàn)象,又有助于完善量刑體系,還是尊重保障人權(quán)的價(jià)值所向。第四部分,隨著終身監(jiān)禁在實(shí)踐中的適用,監(jiān)獄隨之會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些問(wèn)題。由于終身監(jiān)禁不得減刑、假釋,加劇了本來(lái)就接近飽和的監(jiān)羈押率。再者,判處終身監(jiān)禁罪犯年齡的增大,無(wú)論是對(duì)監(jiān)獄的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)還是監(jiān)獄工作人員的工作都會(huì)造成很大的困擾。最后,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有的法條,筆者在司法實(shí)踐和立法操作上提出了一些完善終身監(jiān)禁的建議。
[Abstract]:Life imprisonment, which is widely applied abroad, has formed a very mature system and is the most severe punishment in most countries to combat serious violence. In today's increasingly serious corruption problem, the criminal law amendment (nine) has set up a life imprisonment in the crime of serious corruption and bribery. For our country, life imprisonment is a new thing. In our country, with the policy of using the death penalty carefully, and the crime of bribery and bribery in practice, the author has made clear the necessity and urgency of introducing life imprisonment in the crime of serious corruption and bribery. As of the author's final draft, there are three cases of life imprisonment in our country. There are few cases, and there is only one article about life imprisonment in the criminal law. In practice, how to apply the life-long imprisonment is the key point of writing. The author, taking the case of the first person in life imprisonment in China as the starting point and the case interpretation method, expounds the applicable object, the situation and the original of the life imprisonment. This article also confirms the legal provisions in the case, and analyzes the shortcomings of the relevant laws according to the case. Finally, through the detailed interpretation of the provisions of the law, the author tries to put forward some suggestions to improve the life imprisonment. How to apply the life imprisonment accurately is the most important problem in practice and is decided by our country. In the article, the author unscramble the specific conditions of life imprisonment. In the article, the author first summarized the origin of life imprisonment and the legislation of life imprisonment in foreign countries. It can be seen that life imprisonment in most countries has been applied and widely applicable to most countries in foreign countries. It is a very mature system of sentencing. Then it analyzes the different views of Chinese scholars on the nature of life imprisonment, including the nature of life imprisonment, the nature of the imprisonment, the execution of penalty and the replacement of death penalty. The conclusion is that the life imprisonment of our country is a kind of implementation measure. The second part, the first case of our country is sentenced to the end. The case of incarceration is the breakthrough point. It analyses the legislative provisions of life imprisonment, that is, a criminal element which is particularly large in the amount of corruption and acceptance of bribes, and causes a special major loss and is sentenced to reprieve in the execution of the death penalty. The court can make a discretionary announcement when the sentence is sentenced to two years to be sentenced to life imprisonment. Through the combination of legal provisions and practice cases, the author detailedly interprets the specific application standards of life imprisonment in practice through the combination of legal provisions and practice cases, including the applicable objects, circumstances, principles and the tracing of life imprisonment. The application objects, circumstances and principles of life imprisonment are clarified. In practice, to achieve more accurate sentencing. In addition, life imprisonment as a real life imprisonment, the author also contrasts the similarities and differences with life imprisonment in the current criminal law of China, and accurately locates the scope of life imprisonment. The third part of the author expounds the purpose and significance of the establishment of life imprisonment in the crime of corruption and bribery, especially for life. Imprisonment only applies to the crime of embezzlement and bribery, not only has obvious political value, but also has important significance to our country's penalty system. It can not only combat the serious corruption at the present stage, but also help to improve the system of sentencing and respect the value of protecting human rights. In the fourth part, with the application of life imprisonment in practice, There will be some problems in prison. Because life imprisonment is not allowed to be cut off, parole, exacerbated by the confinement rate that is already near saturation. Furthermore, the increase in the age of prisoners for life imprisonment will cause great distress to both the prison medical institutions and the prison staff. Finally, the author is in the Department for the existing law. There are some suggestions for perfecting life imprisonment in practice and legislation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1

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