本文選題：明代 + 治吏��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：明代官吏的治理,在總結(jié)與借鑒歷史的基礎(chǔ)上,形成了自身獨(dú)有的一套制度,有效防止了各級(jí)官吏失職瀆職、貪贓枉法等行為的發(fā)生,為整飭吏治、營(yíng)造清正廉潔的政治環(huán)境提供了條件。但由于封建社會(huì)存在著無(wú)法避免的缺點(diǎn),這些缺點(diǎn)在明代后期日益顯露,加速了官員的腐敗、破壞了有序的吏治,導(dǎo)致了國(guó)家的滅亡。明末的腐敗不堪雖不全歸于治吏的效果,但國(guó)家的繁榮與衰亡,則始終能在治吏制度上有所體現(xiàn)。本文著眼于從歷史史料和司法實(shí)踐,從四個(gè)方面對(duì)明代治吏制度進(jìn)行分析,希冀對(duì)我國(guó)反腐敗工作有所幫助。第一部分是明代治吏制度的背景與主導(dǎo)思想。首先是明代治吏的歷史背景,闡述明初統(tǒng)治者整飭吏治的原因,主要是元末綱紀(jì)廢弛、官吏放縱導(dǎo)致政權(quán)滅亡的教訓(xùn)。其次是對(duì)明代治吏主導(dǎo)思想的論述,根據(jù)明代“重典治國(guó)”的原則,分別依次從重典治吏、民本思想、權(quán)力制衡三個(gè)方面闡述,對(duì)明代治吏制度的形成奠定基礎(chǔ)。第二部分是明代治吏制度的法律淵源和基本內(nèi)容。明代的法律主要包含在《大明律》、《大誥》、《明會(huì)典》,闡述明代法律關(guān)于治吏做出的詳細(xì)規(guī)定。明代治吏的基本內(nèi)容包括行政機(jī)構(gòu)改革,官吏任用、考核、處罰制度,監(jiān)察制度三大方面。第三部分是明代治吏制度的評(píng)價(jià)。首先是明代治吏制度的進(jìn)步意義:包括明代不同階段治吏存在的特點(diǎn),治吏制度的新發(fā)展,總體上起到的進(jìn)步意義。其次是明代治吏制度存在的缺陷,,以致明代吏治失敗。第四部分是明代治吏制度的啟示。首先從當(dāng)前我國(guó)反腐敗工作面臨的形勢(shì)、貪污賄賂犯罪的新特點(diǎn)、案件辦理中存在的問題三個(gè)方面論述我國(guó)懲治腐敗的嚴(yán)峻態(tài)勢(shì)。其次重點(diǎn)從明代治吏制度的得失談如何完善我國(guó)的反腐機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:On the basis of summing up and drawing lessons from history, the governance of officials in the Ming Dynasty formed a unique system of their own, which effectively prevented officials at all levels from dereliction of duty and perverted the law and so on. Creating a clean and clean political environment provides the conditions. However, due to the inevitable shortcomings of feudal society, these shortcomings were increasingly revealed in the late Ming Dynasty, accelerated the corruption of officials, destroyed the orderly administration of officials, and led to the destruction of the country. Although the corruption in the late Ming Dynasty was not entirely attributed to the effect of governing officials, the prosperity and decline of the country could always be reflected in the system of governing officials. This paper focuses on historical data and judicial practice, and analyzes the system of ruling officials in Ming Dynasty from four aspects, hoping to be helpful to the anti-corruption work of our country. The first part is the background and leading thought of the system of ruling officials in Ming Dynasty. The first is the historical background of the Ming Dynasty, expounding the reason why the rulers of the early Ming Dynasty rectified the official rule, mainly the lessons of the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the waste of the discipline, the indulgence of the officials led to the demise of the regime. The second is the discussion of the leading thought of the Ming Dynasty officials, according to the principle of "ruling the country by the heavy code", respectively, from three aspects: the administration of officials, the thought of people first, and the balance of power, which lays a foundation for the formation of the system of the officials in the Ming Dynasty. The second part is the legal origin and basic content of the system of ruling officials in Ming Dynasty. The laws of Ming Dynasty are mainly contained in "Da Ming Law", "Da Letters Patent" and "Ming Hui Dian". The basic contents of ruling officials in Ming Dynasty include the reform of administrative organization, the appointment of government officials, the examination, the punishment system and the supervision system. The third part is the evaluation of the system of ruling officials in Ming Dynasty. The first is the progressive significance of the system of governing officials in the Ming Dynasty, including the characteristics of the existence of the officials in different stages of the Ming Dynasty, the new development of the system of governing the officials, and the overall progressive significance. Secondly, there were defects in the system of officials in Ming Dynasty, which resulted in the failure of the administration of officials in Ming Dynasty. The fourth part is the enlightenment of the Ming Dynasty. Firstly, this paper discusses the severe situation of punishing corruption in our country from three aspects: the current situation of anti-corruption work, the new characteristics of corruption and bribery crime, and the problems existing in the handling of cases. Secondly, it discusses how to perfect the anti-corruption mechanism of our country from the gains and losses of the Ming Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D691.49

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