本文選題：毒品犯罪 + 犯罪預(yù)防��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：毒品犯罪猶如社會(huì)毒瘤,嚴(yán)重危害、破壞著人類(lèi)社會(huì)。一直以來(lái),我國(guó)采取社會(huì)預(yù)防、刑罰預(yù)防等犯罪預(yù)防措施,對(duì)預(yù)防毒品犯罪雖起到了一定作用,但并未有效遏制毒品犯罪高發(fā)的勢(shì)頭。情境預(yù)防基于對(duì)傳統(tǒng)犯罪預(yù)防的反思,將犯罪預(yù)防研究的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向犯罪行為,通過(guò)揭示犯罪行為發(fā)生的規(guī)律,對(duì)引起犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生和促使動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)渡到行為的外在情勢(shì)進(jìn)行干涉與控制,從而真正降低犯罪發(fā)生的幾率,達(dá)到預(yù)防犯罪的目的。情境預(yù)防措施具有突出的可操作性,可極大地降低犯罪成本,應(yīng)用于毒品犯罪預(yù)防具有積極的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。情境預(yù)防的思路是通過(guò)對(duì)情境因素的分析,從情境的角度探尋情境與犯罪行為發(fā)生的關(guān)系,再以控制情境因素為途徑避免或者阻止容易產(chǎn)生犯罪的情境出現(xiàn)或采取培養(yǎng)阻卻情境出現(xiàn)的方式來(lái)預(yù)防犯罪。犯罪生成的情境因素具有兩個(gè)功能,一是誘發(fā)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成,二是促使動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為。據(jù)此,在毒品犯罪這一類(lèi)型犯罪中,亦存在影響犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成的情境因素與促使犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為的情境因素。具體可將毒品犯罪情境因素分為社會(huì)情境因素與物理情境因素,社會(huì)情境因素包括基礎(chǔ)生活背景、人際關(guān)系因素、生活事件因素,物理情境因素包括對(duì)象、時(shí)空、社會(huì)控制疏漏因素。毒品犯罪情境因素發(fā)揮作用的機(jī)理是以犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的形成、動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為作為兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的節(jié)點(diǎn)。具體為生活背景誘發(fā)需要,需要在人際交往中得到加強(qiáng),在生活事件的影響下形成動(dòng)機(jī);目標(biāo)因素使動(dòng)機(jī)明確化,時(shí)空因素使得動(dòng)機(jī)得以加強(qiáng),蓄勢(shì)待發(fā),社會(huì)控制疏漏促使動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為。相應(yīng)地,毒品犯罪情境預(yù)防的路徑為抑制犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成、阻止已有犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為。抑制犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)形成的關(guān)鍵是通過(guò)采取措施使個(gè)體需要無(wú)法激化,保持正常。主要圍繞減少犯罪刺激這一情境預(yù)防措施展開(kāi),通過(guò)改造生活背景,引導(dǎo)個(gè)體健康生活,弱化不良需要;干預(yù)人際交往,消除同伴壓力帶來(lái)的不良影響;減少生活刺激,調(diào)節(jié)需要以使其正常。阻止犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為行為的關(guān)鍵則是通過(guò)對(duì)目標(biāo)、時(shí)空、社會(huì)控制疏漏等物理情境因素進(jìn)行控制,消除死角,使其傳遞出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大、機(jī)會(huì)減少、收益降低、借口排除等不易得逞、不利于犯罪的信息,從而影響潛在犯罪人的選擇,使其“不能犯或不敢犯”而放棄實(shí)施犯罪行為。
[Abstract]:Drug crime is like a social cancer, seriously endangering and destroying human society. The crime prevention measures, such as social prevention and penalty prevention, have played a certain role in preventing drug crimes, but they have not effectively contained the high incidence of drug crimes. Based on the reflection of traditional crime prevention, situational prevention turns the focus of crime prevention research to criminal behavior, and by revealing the law of criminal behavior, In order to reduce the probability of crime and achieve the purpose of crime prevention, the author interferes and controls the external situation that causes the motive of crime and causes the motive to transition to behavior. Situational preventive measures have outstanding maneuverability, can greatly reduce the cost of crime, and have positive practical significance in drug crime prevention. The idea of situational prevention is to explore the relationship between situation and crime from the perspective of situation through the analysis of situational factors. Then the way of controlling situational factors is to avoid or prevent the situation that is prone to crime or to prevent crime by cultivating the way of preventing the appearance of situational. The situational factors of crime formation have two functions, one is to induce the formation of criminal motive, the other is to promote the transformation of motive into behavior. Therefore, there are some situational factors which affect the formation of criminal motive and the situational factors that promote the transformation of criminal motive into behavior in the crime of drug crime. The situation factors of drug crime can be divided into social situational factors and physical situational factors. Social situational factors include basic life background, interpersonal relationship factors, life event factors, physical situational factors including objects, time and space. Social control of oversight factors. The mechanism of drug crime situational factors is the formation of criminal motive and the transformation of motive into behavior as two key nodes. It is necessary to strengthen the interpersonal communication and form the motivation under the influence of the life events, the objective factor makes the motivation clear, the space-time factor makes the motivation strengthen, and the motivation is ready to be developed. The omission of social control causes motivation to be transformed into behavior. Accordingly, the path of drug crime situational prevention is to restrain the formation of criminal motive and prevent the existing criminal motive from being transformed into behavior. The key to restrain the formation of criminal motive is to keep the individual needs normal by taking measures. It mainly focuses on the prevention measures of reducing the crime stimulus, through reforming the living background, guiding the individual to live healthily, weakening the bad needs, intervening in the interpersonal communication, eliminating the adverse effects of peer pressure, reducing the life stimulation, Adjustment is required to make it normal. The key to prevent the crime motive from being transformed into behavior is to control the physical situation factors, such as target, time and space, social control omissions and so on, to eliminate the dead angle, so as to increase the risk, reduce the opportunity and reduce the income. Excuses such as exclusion are not easy to succeed, which is not conducive to crime information, thus affecting the choice of potential offenders, making them "can not or dare not to commit" and give up the criminal act.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D917.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 何榮功;;十年來(lái)我國(guó)毒品濫用趨勢(shì)與特點(diǎn)的實(shí)證分析——兼論我國(guó)毒品治理方向的調(diào)整[J];遼寧大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2012年02期

2 李蕤;郭天龍;;犯罪情境因素分析[J];北京人民警察學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期

3 王新;;毒品犯罪的預(yù)防與懲治[J];遼寧公安司法管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期

4 郭萍;;從犯罪場(chǎng)的視角構(gòu)建社區(qū)毒品犯罪預(yù)防的思考[J];云南警官學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年05期

5 陳和華;;犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的本源、性質(zhì)和形成[J];政法論叢;2010年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 朱田;城市社區(qū)網(wǎng)格化管理中的法治建設(shè)研究[D];新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

2 鄒曦;合成毒品在我國(guó)快速蔓延的原因及對(duì)策研究[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2015年

3 楊超;新型毒品犯罪預(yù)防研究[D];齊齊哈爾大學(xué);2015年

4 劉濤;犯罪情境預(yù)防[D];南京師范大學(xué);2013年

5 孫思遠(yuǎn);論毒品犯罪的成因及預(yù)防[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2011年

6 李桂權(quán);我國(guó)毒品犯罪的原因及防治對(duì)策[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

7 李慶國(guó);女性物質(zhì)依賴(lài)初次接觸的情境因素[D];鄭州大學(xué);2007年

8 王海濤;試論對(duì)犯罪的情境預(yù)防——犯罪控制的第三條道路[D];北京大學(xué);2005年

，

本文編號(hào)：1799522