本文選題：預備行為實行化 + 正當性依據(jù)　； 參考：《武漢大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：按照《中華人民共和國刑法》(以下簡稱《刑法》)第22條的規(guī)定,預備行為是指為了犯罪,準備工具、制造條件的行為,實質(zhì)上是便于犯罪實施的行為。預備行為實行化是指立法者將原本屬于預備性質(zhì)的行為在刑法分則中單獨規(guī)定,使之具有實行行為性的立法現(xiàn)象。這就意味著,原本的預備行為具備了為實行行為的地位。本文正文分為以下三個部分:第一部分是預備行為實行化的概述。本文先對預備行為的概念、預備行為和實行行為的關系進行探究,提出預備行為實行化的概念。隨后對我國預備行為的立法進行考察,封建刑法、1979年《刑法》、1997年《刑法》都對犯罪預備性質(zhì)的行為進行處罰,表明了預備行為具有跨越時空的可罰性�！吨腥A人民共和國刑法修正案(九)》(以下簡稱《刑法修正案(九)》)中增設了準備實施恐怖活動罪和非法利用信息網(wǎng)絡罪,加大了對預備行為的打擊力度,對重要法益進行前置保護,體現(xiàn)了預備行為實行化的立法新動態(tài)。而這一立法現(xiàn)象的背景在于,風險社會引發(fā)的不安全感,積極一般預防的刑法理論,現(xiàn)有立法虛置與疏漏并存的困境,以及司法裁量標準模糊所引發(fā)的實務難題。第二部分是預備行為實行化的類型與正當性依據(jù)。類型化研究是法學領域的重要研究方法,本文通過對預備罪名的梳理,以發(fā)生領域為標準對實行化后的預備行為進行歸納,可以分為國家安全、公共安全、金融管理、稅收征管、公民權(quán)利、公共秩序、國防利益等領域的預備罪。對以上預備罪的類型分析得出,其正當性依據(jù)在于危險遞增理論、重大法益的提前保護和"打早打小"的刑事政策。第三部分是預備行為實行化的挑戰(zhàn)與應對。預備行為實行化在有效懲治犯罪和保障人權(quán)的同時,主要面臨著以下挑戰(zhàn):其一,刑法提前介入帶來的刑罰權(quán)擴張風險;其二,預備行為具有非定型性的弊病;其三,預備罪特殊犯罪形態(tài)和共同犯罪的認定之爭,即預備罪是否未完成形態(tài),以及預備罪是否具有教唆犯和幫助犯。針對不同的挑戰(zhàn),筆者依次進行分析論證,提出了自己的觀點,第一,預備行為實行化帶來的刑法權(quán)擴張的風險,能夠通過嚴格限縮預備罪的范圍進行有效抑制;第二,明確適用預備罪的標準,構(gòu)成想象競合時,從一重罪進行處罰;第三,預備行為實行化具有法益保護前置的特殊性,結(jié)合不同預備罪的行為方式,要對預備罪的預備、未遂和中止進行具體認定。預備行為實行化之后,在刑法分則中構(gòu)成實質(zhì)預備罪,具有實行行為,因而肯定預備罪的共同正犯。根據(jù)共犯從屬說,同時肯定預備罪存在教唆犯和幫助犯。
[Abstract]:According to Article 22 of the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Criminal Law"), preparatory act refers to the act of making conditions for the purpose of committing a crime.The practice of preparatory act refers to the legislative phenomenon that the legislator separately prescribes the behavior that belongs to the preparatory nature in the special provisions of the criminal law.This means that the original preparatory act has the status of performing the act.The text of this paper is divided into the following three parts: the first part is an overview of the implementation of preparatory acts.This paper first explores the concept of preparatory act and the relationship between preparatory act and practice act, and puts forward the concept of implementation of preparatory act.Subsequently, the legislation on preparatory acts in China was investigated. The feudal Criminal Law, the Criminal Law in 1979 and the Criminal Law in 1997 all penalized acts of a preparatory nature.It shows that the preparatory act is punishable across time and space. The crime of preparing for terrorist activities and illegally using information network has been added to the Criminal Law Amendment (IX) of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Law Amendment (IX)).It increases the strike on the preparatory act and protects the important legal interests, which reflects the new legislative trend of the implementation of the preparatory act.The background of this legislative phenomenon lies in the insecurity caused by the risk society, the criminal law theory of positive general prevention, the dilemma of the existing legislation with false and omission, and the practical problems caused by the ambiguity of the judicial discretion standard.The second part is the type and justification basis of the practice of preparatory act.Typological study is an important research method in the field of law. By combing the preparatory charges and taking the field of occurrence as the standard, this paper summarizes the preparatory acts after implementation, which can be divided into national security, public security, financial management, and so on.Tax collection, civil rights, public order, defense interests and other areas of the preparatory crime.According to the analysis of the types of the above crimes, the legitimacy is based on the theory of increasing risk, the early protection of major legal benefits and the criminal policy of "striking early and small".The third part is the challenge and response to the implementation of preparatory act.At the same time of effectively punishing crime and safeguarding human rights, preparatory acts are faced with the following challenges: first, the risk of the expansion of criminal rights brought about by the early intervention of criminal law; secondly, the non-stereotyped disadvantages of preparatory acts; third,There is a dispute about the special form of crime of preparation and the determination of joint crime, that is, whether the crime of preparation has not been completed, and whether the crime of preparation has abettor and aider.In view of different challenges, the author analyzes and demonstrates in turn, and puts forward his own viewpoint. First, the risk of the expansion of criminal law power brought about by the implementation of preparatory act can be effectively restrained by strictly limiting the scope of the crime of preparation; second,It is clear that the standard of applying the crime of preparation should be punished from a felony when it constitutes imagination concurrence; third, the implementation of the preparatory act has the particularity of the protection of legal interests, and combining with the behavior mode of the different preparatory crime, the preparation of the crime of preparation should be carried out.Attempt and suspension for specific determination.After the implementation of the preparatory act, it constitutes the substantive preparatory crime in the special provisions of the criminal law, and has the practice act, thus affirming the joint principal offender of the preparatory crime.According to the theory of accomplice subordination, it is certain that there are abettors and aiders in the crime of preparation.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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