發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-30 22:26

  本文選題：嚴(yán)格責(zé)任　切入點(diǎn)：成本內(nèi)化　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界各國(guó)面臨著氣候變化、能源供應(yīng)安全及電汽市場(chǎng)自由化等問題,核能的利用可以減少二氧化碳的排放,其替代化石燃料已經(jīng)獲得大眾認(rèn)可,但是只有有效實(shí)現(xiàn)核事故責(zé)任主體的嚴(yán)格責(zé)任,將其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)成本吸收與內(nèi)化,核能利用才能產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。法律制度需要為核運(yùn)營(yíng)人創(chuàng)造合適的環(huán)境,將核事故責(zé)任主體的運(yùn)營(yíng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素內(nèi)化成自身運(yùn)營(yíng)的成本,從而才能最大限度的為核運(yùn)營(yíng)安全帶來保障。核運(yùn)營(yíng)者需要為自己的行為所引發(fā)的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)完全的責(zé)任,即使國(guó)家與保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)可以為核責(zé)任事故分擔(dān)一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但是核運(yùn)營(yíng)人員需事先向國(guó)家以及保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)付出一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本。國(guó)際核事故責(zé)任制度崇尚無償性的國(guó)家干預(yù),運(yùn)用較多地公共資金,而日本與美國(guó)的核事故責(zé)任制度都較少存在純粹性的國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼,二者利用設(shè)置核運(yùn)營(yíng)者最低責(zé)任限額、征收追溯性保障費(fèi)、與政府簽訂保障協(xié)議等一系列手段較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了由核運(yùn)營(yíng)者及相關(guān)主體自身風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)成本內(nèi)部化,我們要學(xué)習(xí)美日核事故賠償模式的先進(jìn)之處,努力實(shí)現(xiàn)核運(yùn)營(yíng)成本內(nèi)化,使核能企業(yè)走向獨(dú)立,為我國(guó)核能企業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來更大的利益。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, countries in the world are faced with problems such as climate change, energy supply safety and the liberalization of electricity and steam market. The use of nuclear energy can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and its alternative fossil fuels have been accepted by the public.But only by effectively realizing the strict liability of the subject responsible for the nuclear accident and absorbing and internalizing the social cost of the risk behavior can the nuclear energy utilization produce economic benefits.The legal system needs to create a suitable environment for the nuclear operators, and turn the risk factors of the subject of nuclear accident responsibility into the cost of their own operation, so as to maximize the safety of nuclear operations.Nuclear operators need to take full responsibility for the potential risks posed by their actions, even though the state and insurance agencies can share some of the risks for nuclear liability accidents.But nuclear operators have to pay a certain economic cost to the state and insurance agencies in advance.The international nuclear accident liability system advocates free state intervention and uses more public funds, while Japan and the United States have less pure state subsidies, and both use the minimum liability limit for nuclear operators.The collection of retroactive safeguard fees, the signing of safeguards agreements with the government, and a series of means have better internalized the social costs arising from the risk behaviors of nuclear operators and related subjects. We should learn from the advanced aspects of the compensation model for nuclear accidents in the United States and Japan.To realize the internalization of nuclear operation cost, to make the nuclear energy enterprise independent, and to bring more benefits to the development of our country's nuclear power enterprise.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D99

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