發(fā)布時間：2018-03-30 17:32

  本文選題：治理現(xiàn)代化　切入點：制度執(zhí)行力　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國共產(chǎn)黨十八屆三中全會提出,“全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度,推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。”國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化即國家治理現(xiàn)代化,這一具有新理念、新思想、新戰(zhàn)略意義的治國理政總目標(biāo)的確立,既是執(zhí)政黨基于建國以來建設(shè)、改革和發(fā)展經(jīng)驗的深刻總結(jié),也是對新世紀中國與世界關(guān)系發(fā)生歷史性變化的重新認識的反映。中國改革經(jīng)過30多年的推進,目前已進入攻堅期和深水區(qū)。在此期域,改革的關(guān)聯(lián)性、互動性日趨增強,艱巨性日益增大,這就要求更加注重改革的系統(tǒng)性、整體性和協(xié)同性,更加注重從整體性尋找問題的解決之道。國家治理現(xiàn)代化作為全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)能否實現(xiàn),既在于國家中觀及微觀層面的制度和制度體系的合理化,更在于提升制度執(zhí)行力�，F(xiàn)階段我國在制度建設(shè)上已取得明顯進步:已擁有一整套比較完善的制度體系,制度職能得到有效發(fā)揮,制度結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。但制度執(zhí)行中也存諸多突出問題,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有研究,依據(jù)制度被執(zhí)行的時間推進,可以從制度的執(zhí)行意愿、執(zhí)行時效、執(zhí)行精度和執(zhí)行績效四個維度作為衡量執(zhí)行力的標(biāo)準,對執(zhí)行不力的現(xiàn)象進行了系統(tǒng)性、全面性的深入剖析,包括執(zhí)行意愿不強、執(zhí)行時效遲緩、執(zhí)行精度降準、執(zhí)行績效打折等,這些問題極大地削弱了制度權(quán)威,降低了制度績效。要想根本解決這些執(zhí)行不力的問題,單純從制度建構(gòu)方面改進,已無法取得有效突破,只有強化制度執(zhí)行,才能標(biāo)本兼治。目前,影響制度執(zhí)行的主要因素有:一是制度設(shè)計的科學(xué)性合理性不足、制度的可操作性和協(xié)同性欠缺、制度生成中民眾參與和論證不充分;二是制度執(zhí)行主體認知不足、行為失范削弱執(zhí)行者的執(zhí)行意愿;三是基本體制機制不完善延長執(zhí)行時間,降低政府執(zhí)行速度,影響執(zhí)行時效;四是制度執(zhí)行懲罰激勵機制不完善,激勵制強度不足,責(zé)任追究過度和追究不足現(xiàn)象并存;五是制度執(zhí)行環(huán)境中法治文化缺失、人情關(guān)系盛行、官本位思想嚴重、潛規(guī)則干擾等約束執(zhí)行價值取向。要有效解決我國制度執(zhí)行中存在的問題,須做好以下幾方面工作:一要提高制度設(shè)計的科學(xué)性合理性公正性,制度設(shè)計要于法周延、于事簡便、追責(zé)清晰、與時俱進;二要提高制度執(zhí)行主體的能力素質(zhì),端正心態(tài)、提高制度認同能力、強化執(zhí)行操作能力,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要率先垂范,提高政府部門制度執(zhí)行的協(xié)調(diào)性,提高執(zhí)行績效;三是建立健全科學(xué)合理的制度執(zhí)行機制,構(gòu)建制度執(zhí)行時效控制機制,加強懲罰機制的執(zhí)行力度,提高激勵機制的強度,運用大數(shù)據(jù)建立健全監(jiān)督評估機制,強化制度執(zhí)行監(jiān)督與問責(zé),完善制度執(zhí)行的評估和反饋;四是培育良好的制度執(zhí)行文化環(huán)境,弘揚傳統(tǒng)制度執(zhí)行文化中的積極因素,樹立法治意識,深入推進“放管服”改革,大力培育新型的制度執(zhí)行文化。
[Abstract]:The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward that "the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics," To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. "the modernization of the national governance system and the governance capacity is the establishment of the general goal of governing the country with new ideas, new ideas and new strategic significance," he said. This is not only a profound summary of the ruling party's experience in construction, reform and development since the founding of the people's Republic of China, but also a reflection of the historic changes that have taken place in the relations between China and the world in the new century. At present, we have entered a critical period and deep water areas. In this period, the relevance, interactivity and arduousness of the reform are increasingly enhanced. This requires that more attention be paid to the systematization, integrity and synergy of the reform. Whether the modernization of national governance as the overall goal of deepening the reform can be realized lies in the rationalization of the system and system at the intermediate and micro levels of the country. At the present stage, China has made remarkable progress in the construction of the system: it has a set of relatively perfect system, and the functions of the system have been effectively brought into play. The system structure is constantly optimized. But there are still many outstanding problems in the implementation of the system. Combined with the existing research, according to the time when the system is implemented, it can be carried out in accordance with the will of the system. The four dimensions of execution precision and performance are taken as the standard to measure the execution ability. The phenomenon of weak execution is analyzed systematically and comprehensively, including the lack of will to execute, the delay of execution time, and the reduction of execution precision. These problems greatly weaken the authority of the system and reduce the performance of the system. If we want to fundamentally solve these problems of weak implementation, we can not make an effective breakthrough by simply improving from the aspect of system construction. At present, the main factors that affect the implementation of the system are as follows: firstly, the rationality of the system design is insufficient, and the system is lack of maneuverability and coordination. The people's participation and argumentation in the system generation is not sufficient; second, the cognition of the main body of system execution is insufficient, and the behavior of the executive weakens the executor's will; the third is the imperfection of the basic system and mechanism to prolong the execution time and reduce the speed of the government's execution. The fourth is that the incentive mechanism of institutional execution is not perfect, the intensity of incentive system is insufficient, the phenomenon of excessive accountability and lack of accountability coexist; fifthly, there is a lack of culture of rule of law in the environment of system execution, and the relationship between human feelings is prevalent. In order to effectively solve the problems existing in the implementation of the system in our country, we must do the following work: first, to improve the rationality and fairness of the system design, we should improve the rationality and fairness of the system design. The design of the system should be based on the law, simplicity, clarity of responsibility and keeping pace with the times; second, it should improve the ability and quality of the main body of system implementation, correct mentality, enhance the ability of system identification, strengthen the ability of execution, and lead cadres to set an example. Third, it is necessary to establish and improve the scientific and reasonable system implementation mechanism, to construct the system enforcement prescription control mechanism, to strengthen the enforcement of the punishment mechanism, and to enhance the intensity of the incentive mechanism. Using big data to establish and improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism, to strengthen the supervision and accountability of system execution, to perfect the evaluation and feedback of system implementation; fourth, to foster a good cultural environment for system implementation and to carry forward the positive factors in the traditional system execution culture. Set up the consciousness of rule by law, push forward the reform of "putting management into service", and cultivate a new culture of system execution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D630

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