本文選題：人口老齡化　切入點：黑龍江省　出處：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黑龍江省城鎮(zhèn)老年人口占總?cè)丝诒戎刂鹉晟仙?家庭養(yǎng)老壓力大,老齡社會的日趨嚴重發(fā)展,為緩解黑龍江省養(yǎng)老壓力。黑龍江省政府積極完善社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老,旨在改善老年人的晚年生活,居家養(yǎng)老模式的構(gòu)建是一條行之有效的解決黑龍江省城鎮(zhèn)社區(qū)養(yǎng)老問題的道路,無論是中華五千年的文化傳承,還是從社會主義現(xiàn)代化的經(jīng)濟成本、社會效益以及養(yǎng)老覆蓋的范圍等方面來看,都是當前和未來一定時期內(nèi)黑龍江省城鎮(zhèn)社區(qū)養(yǎng)老的重要方式。但黑龍江省居家養(yǎng)老面臨著諸多待解決的問題。例如,老年人逐年增加,基礎設施的不完善,資金缺口大,服務人員的緊缺等,這些問題嚴重制約著黑龍江省居家養(yǎng)老的發(fā)展,所以,在對黑龍江省居家養(yǎng)老服務分析探討的基礎之上,進一步研究促進黑龍江省居家養(yǎng)老的政策和具體措施,具有十分重要的意義。從人口老齡化背景下出發(fā),對黑龍江省城鎮(zhèn)居民居家養(yǎng)老服務等相關概念進行界定,分析黑龍江省居家養(yǎng)老服務背景,并在對馬斯洛需求層次理論需求理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論、福利多元化理論與社會福利理論等公共的理論依據(jù)基礎之上,闡述并分析了黑龍江省人口老齡化與居家養(yǎng)老服務的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出基礎設施不完善、財政投入不夠、專業(yè)人員不足、服務項目過少等問題,并分析得出人口老齡化背景下黑龍江省城鎮(zhèn)居家養(yǎng)老服務現(xiàn)存問題的成因主要是黑龍江省經(jīng)濟落后、養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)化程度低、觀念認識不足以及傳統(tǒng)社保系統(tǒng)的影響。對英國倫敦的達爾文庭院退休養(yǎng)老社區(qū)、美國波士頓筆架山村退休養(yǎng)老社區(qū)、日本東京居家養(yǎng)老模式等國外居家養(yǎng)老模式,和國內(nèi)居家養(yǎng)老模式相對成熟的一些地區(qū)如香港社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老、上海的居家養(yǎng)老、臺灣的養(yǎng)老狀況等養(yǎng)老模式的成功經(jīng)驗進行借鑒。提出加大政府對居家養(yǎng)老服務財政投入、吸收社會資本、實行有償服務等拓寬資金來源渠道,重視家庭在居家養(yǎng)老服務中的作用,加強居家養(yǎng)老社區(qū)服務的人力資源建設等完善居家養(yǎng)老服務的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The proportion of the aged population in the cities and towns of Heilongjiang Province has been increasing year by year, the pressure on the family to provide for the aged is increasing, and the aging society is developing more and more seriously, in order to alleviate the pressure on the aged in Heilongjiang Province. In order to improve the old people's life in old age, the construction of the old-age care model at home is an effective way to solve the problem of urban community pension in Heilongjiang Province, regardless of whether it is the cultural heritage of five thousand years in China. Or from the aspects of the economic cost, social benefit and coverage of the old-age support of socialist modernization, Both are important ways of providing for the aged in urban communities in Heilongjiang Province at present and in a certain period of time in the future. However, there are many problems to be solved in Heilongjiang Province. For example, the number of elderly people is increasing year by year, the infrastructure is not perfect, and the funding gap is large. The shortage of service personnel and so on, these problems seriously restrict the development of the family pension in Heilongjiang Province. Therefore, on the basis of the analysis and discussion of the home pension service in Heilongjiang Province, It is of great significance to further study the policies and specific measures to promote the family old-age care in Heilongjiang Province. From the background of aging population, this paper defines the related concepts such as the family old-age service of urban residents in Heilongjiang Province. This paper analyzes the background of the family pension service in Heilongjiang Province, and based on the theory of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the theory of public goods, the theory of welfare pluralism and the theory of social welfare, etc. This paper expounds and analyzes the present situation of the aging of population and the service for the aged at home in Heilongjiang Province, and puts forward some problems, such as imperfect infrastructure, insufficient financial investment, insufficient professional personnel, too few service items, etc. It is concluded that the main causes of the existing problems in the urban home pension service in Heilongjiang Province under the background of aging population are the backward economy and the low degree of industrialization of the aged. The concept of inadequate understanding and the impact of the traditional social security system. To the Darwinian courtyard retirement pension community in London, the Bijiashan village retirement pension community in Boston, the Japanese Tokyo home pension model and other foreign home pension models. And some of the successful experiences of such pension models as those in Hong Kong, in Shanghai, and in Taiwan, which are relatively mature at home. It is proposed to increase the government's financial investment in home pension services. The policy suggestions on how to improve the home pension service, such as absorbing social capital, carrying out paid service, widening the source of funds, paying attention to the role of family in the family pension service, strengthening the construction of human resources for the community service for the aged at home, etc.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.6

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