本文選題：探望權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：親權(quán)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：探望權(quán)起源于英美法系,是指離婚后不與子女共同居住的父母一方所享有的與子女進(jìn)行見(jiàn)面、交流的權(quán)利。探望權(quán)的設(shè)立既滿足了父母關(guān)愛(ài)子女的天性,又填補(bǔ)了子女成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的情感缺失,是婚姻制度中不可或缺的重要部分。我國(guó)在2001年修訂的《婚姻法》及《婚姻法司法解釋一》中增加了探望權(quán)制度,為離婚后親子之間情感的繼續(xù)提供了法律保障。然而,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)的離婚率不斷提高,探望權(quán)制度的相關(guān)規(guī)定已越來(lái)越難以適應(yīng)司法實(shí)踐的需要。本文試圖從理論角度對(duì)探望權(quán)的涵義重新作出解讀,從立法設(shè)計(jì)和司法實(shí)踐兩個(gè)層面探討我國(guó)探望權(quán)制度存在的問(wèn)題及不足,借鑒域外的有關(guān)規(guī)定,并據(jù)此提出針對(duì)性地完善對(duì)策。本文首先通過(guò)司法實(shí)踐中的兩個(gè)具體案例引發(fā)思考并提出問(wèn)題,表明隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,婚姻關(guān)系中分居、人工生育子女等特殊情況的出現(xiàn)日益增多,探望權(quán)之規(guī)定已難以滿足司法的需要,引發(fā)我們對(duì)探望權(quán)立法及司法的現(xiàn)狀更深入的思考。其次,從探望權(quán)的行使條件、功能、權(quán)利性質(zhì)及歷史沿革等角度對(duì)探望權(quán)的涵義進(jìn)行解讀,指出探望權(quán)與其說(shuō)是父母對(duì)子女的一項(xiàng)權(quán)利,更應(yīng)當(dāng)體現(xiàn)為父母及祖父母等特殊關(guān)系人保護(hù)未成年子女健康成長(zhǎng)的一種義務(wù)。再次,從立法和司法兩個(gè)層面對(duì)我國(guó)探望權(quán)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)探望權(quán)制度存在兒童利益重視程度不夠、主體范圍狹窄、救濟(jì)方式無(wú)力等問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重影響著探望權(quán)作用的發(fā)揮,使探望權(quán)在法院判決后難以真正實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后,簡(jiǎn)要介紹德國(guó)、英國(guó)、美國(guó)和日本等國(guó)家有關(guān)探望權(quán)的規(guī)定,提取域外探望權(quán)制度的共同點(diǎn),為我國(guó)探望權(quán)制度的完善提供學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的內(nèi)容。然后在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出確立"兒童最大利益原則"、適當(dāng)擴(kuò)展探望權(quán)主體、明確探望權(quán)的中止事由等措施完善探望權(quán)的立法設(shè)計(jì),提出社會(huì)協(xié)助執(zhí)行、修改訴訟程序、精神損害賠償之訴和撫養(yǎng)權(quán)變更之訴等具體措施以完善探望權(quán)的救濟(jì)方式,以求本文可以在探望權(quán)的制度運(yùn)行和學(xué)術(shù)研究方面提供有益的啟示。
[Abstract]:The right of visitation originated in Anglo-American law system, which refers to the right to meet and communicate with the children, which is enjoyed by one of the parents who do not live with their children after divorce. The establishment of the visitation right has satisfied the parents' nature of caring for their children. It is an indispensable part of the marriage system. In 2001, the Marriage Law and the Judicial interpretation of the Marriage Law have added visitation rights in our country. This provides legal protection for the continuation of feelings between parents and children after divorce. However, with the development of economy and society, the divorce rate in our country has been increasing. The relevant provisions of visitation right system have become more and more difficult to meet the needs of judicial practice. This paper attempts to reinterpret the meaning of visitation right from a theoretical point of view. From the aspects of legislative design and judicial practice, this paper discusses the problems and shortcomings of visitation right system in our country, and draws lessons from the relevant provisions of foreign countries. Based on this, the author puts forward some countermeasures. Firstly, through two concrete cases in judicial practice, this paper raises questions, which shows that with the development of society, separation in marriage is becoming more and more important. With the emergence of special circumstances such as artificial birth of children, the provisions of visitation rights have been difficult to meet the needs of the judiciary, causing us to think more deeply about the legislation of visitation rights and the current situation of the judiciary. Secondly, from the conditions and functions of the exercise of visitation rights, Analyzing the meaning of visitation right from the angle of the nature and history of the right, the author points out that the visitation right is not so much a right of parents to their children as it is. It should be reflected in the obligation of parents and grandparents to protect the healthy growth of minor children. Thirdly, the present situation of visitation right in China is analyzed from the two aspects of legislation and judicature. It is found that there are some problems in the system of visitation right in our country, such as insufficient attention to the interests of children, narrow scope of subject, weak relief methods, which seriously affect the exertion of visitation right and make it difficult to realize the visitation right after the judgment of the court. This paper briefly introduces the provisions of visitation rights in Germany, Britain, the United States and Japan, extracts the common ground of the extraterritorial visitation right system, and provides learning and reference content for the perfection of visitation right system in our country. It proposes to establish "the principle of the best interests of the child", to expand the subject of visitation rights appropriately, to clarify the reasons for the suspension of visitation rights, and to perfect the legislative design of visitation rights. In order to improve the relief mode of visitation right, the author hopes that this article can provide beneficial enlightenment in the system operation and academic research of visitation right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.9

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