本文選題：冷凍胚胎　切入點：法律屬性　出處：《北京外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人工輔助生殖技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用和發(fā)展,其帶來的后續(xù)問題也逐漸增多。2014年發(fā)生在江蘇宜興的"中國首例冷凍胚胎繼承案"引起了社會的廣泛關(guān)注,該案的主要爭議則是涉事夫妻均已死亡后遺留下來的冷凍胚胎該如何處置的問題,對此學(xué)術(shù)界開始對冷凍胚胎的法律屬性問題展開了激烈的討論,目前分立的學(xué)說主要有主體說、客體說和中介說三種觀點。由于我國學(xué)者對于冷凍胚胎的民事法律地位問題的研究尚處于起步階段,所以該方面的研究文獻尚不充分,有部分學(xué)者嘗試從憲法學(xué)角度、比較法角度和具體的繼承和處分問題上去界定冷凍胚胎的法律屬性問題。而我國關(guān)于人工生殖技術(shù)方面的立法也存在不足的狀況,所能提供的參考文獻遠不如域外豐富,如法國、美國等國家在此方面已有較為豐富的立法經(jīng)驗和實踐。所以本文將以我國現(xiàn)有的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)為基礎(chǔ),對上述三種觀點分別展開介紹和分析,在理清學(xué)術(shù)界有關(guān)爭議的同時,多方考察國外關(guān)于冷凍胚胎的相關(guān)立法規(guī)范和判例,在總結(jié)借鑒國外的立法與司法實踐的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國特有的國情,提出自己關(guān)于冷凍胚胎法律屬性的觀點和看法,并且明確其對于解決現(xiàn)實爭議的意義。對人工冷凍胚胎這一特殊的存在,其法律屬性的認(rèn)定不僅關(guān)系到具體糾紛的解決途徑,還涉及到具體運行規(guī)則的制定,由此本文在結(jié)尾對關(guān)于冷凍胚胎的立法構(gòu)架上也提出了相關(guān)的建議。全文除引言和結(jié)語外由以下四個部分組成:第一部分概述人工冷凍胚胎的相關(guān)概念及問題。從人工輔助生殖技術(shù)的運用著手介紹本文問題產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)背景,以及"試管嬰兒技術(shù)"帶來的冷凍胚胎的產(chǎn)生及二者的相關(guān)概念,并由此引申出其所帶來的社會問題。第二部分主要介紹關(guān)于冷凍胚胎法律屬性的相關(guān)探索,并結(jié)合域外的研究與實踐經(jīng)驗和我國的國情對冷凍胚胎的法律地位進行定性。首先對現(xiàn)在學(xué)界關(guān)于冷凍胚胎法律性質(zhì)的幾種學(xué)說即主體說、客體說和中介說進行介紹和評析,再介紹美國、法國等域外國家關(guān)于冷凍胚胎的爭議案例及處置規(guī)則,在參考國外實踐的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合我國的理論框架對冷凍胚胎的法律屬性進行具體定位。第三部分則在前兩部分的基礎(chǔ)上對冷凍胚胎的具體處分規(guī)則進行研究。主要涉及冷凍胚胎的所有權(quán)歸屬問題和繼承問題。第四部分結(jié)合上文的案例與相關(guān)理論對人工冷凍胚胎提出立法構(gòu)想。在明述我國關(guān)于人工輔助生殖技術(shù)立法和管理現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,指出對我國應(yīng)就相關(guān)領(lǐng)域進行立法的必要性,并綜合國內(nèi)外的立法經(jīng)驗和我國的本土國情,提出完善我國相關(guān)立法應(yīng)當(dāng)考量的具體因素和具體設(shè)想。僅希望本研究為相關(guān)領(lǐng)域糾紛的解決提供些許借鑒,為相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的理論研究起到助推作用。
[Abstract]:With the wide application and development of artificial assisted reproduction technology, the following problems have been gradually increased. In 2014, "the first case of frozen embryo succession in China" in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, caused widespread concern in society. The main controversy in the case was the question of what to do with frozen embryos left over from the death of both husband and wife. The academic community began a heated discussion on the legal attributes of frozen embryos. At present, the theory of separation mainly includes the theory of subject, the theory of object and the theory of intermediary. Since the study of the civil legal status of frozen embryos by Chinese scholars is still in its infancy, the research literature in this field is not sufficient. Some scholars try to define the legal attributes of frozen embryos from the angle of constitutional law, comparative law and specific inheritance and disposition. The references that can be provided are far less abundant than those in foreign countries, such as France, the United States and other countries, which have rich legislative experience and practice in this respect. Therefore, this article will be based on the existing relevant laws and regulations of our country. The above three viewpoints are introduced and analyzed respectively. At the same time of clearing up the relevant disputes in academic circles, the author investigates the relevant legislative norms and precedents of foreign countries on frozen embryos, and sums up and draws lessons from the legislative and judicial practice of foreign countries. According to the special situation of our country, the author puts forward his own viewpoint and opinion about the legal attribute of frozen embryo, and clarifies its significance for resolving the dispute in reality, which is the special existence of artificial frozen embryo. The determination of its legal attributes is not only related to the solution of specific disputes, but also to the formulation of specific operational rules. At the end of this paper, some suggestions are put forward on the legislative framework of frozen embryos. Besides the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is composed of the following four parts: the first part summarizes the related concepts and problems of artificial frozen embryos. Starting with the application of artificial assisted reproduction technology, this paper introduces the related background of the problems in this paper. And the production of frozen embryos and their related concepts brought about by "in vitro technology", and the social problems caused by them are derived. The second part mainly introduces the relevant exploration about the legal attributes of frozen embryos. The legal status of frozen embryos is analyzed based on the overseas research and practice experience and the national conditions of our country. First of all, the author introduces and evaluates several theories about the legal nature of frozen embryos, that is, the subject theory, the object theory and the intermediary theory, which are the main body theory, the object theory and the intermediary theory. And then introduce the dispute cases and rules of disposal of frozen embryos in the United States, France and other foreign countries, On the basis of reference to foreign practice, combined with the theoretical framework of our country, the legal attributes of frozen embryos are concretely orientated. The third part studies the specific rules of disposition of frozen embryos on the basis of the first two parts. Part 4th puts forward the legislative conception of artificial frozen embryos combined with the above cases and related theories. On the basis of stating the current situation of legislation and management of artificial assisted reproduction technology in China, 4th part is related to the ownership and inheritance of frozen embryos. It is pointed out that it is necessary for our country to legislate in related fields, and to synthesize the domestic and foreign legislative experience and the local conditions of our country. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for the resolution of disputes in related fields and promote the theoretical research in related fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

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本文編號：1627174