本文選題：特許經(jīng)營(yíng)　切入點(diǎn)：臨時(shí)接管　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)公用事業(yè)逐步地市場(chǎng)化,特許經(jīng)營(yíng)成為了公用事業(yè)的主要經(jīng)營(yíng)模式,政府在特許經(jīng)營(yíng)中的監(jiān)管作用就更加重要。出于對(duì)公共利益的保護(hù),公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管作為一種體現(xiàn)政府監(jiān)管責(zé)任的行政行為有其存在的合理性和必要性。但是在實(shí)踐中,由于我國(guó)的臨時(shí)接管的啟動(dòng)條件設(shè)置地過于寬泛,接管程序也無明確的規(guī)定,導(dǎo)致政府在進(jìn)行臨時(shí)接管時(shí)缺乏正當(dāng)性,存在一定程度的濫用。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)緊急情況危及公用事業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí),政府往往忽略以監(jiān)管手段來督促特許經(jīng)營(yíng)者改善,而是以實(shí)施臨時(shí)接管來解決。政府對(duì)臨時(shí)接管權(quán)力的濫用不僅阻礙了公用事業(yè)民營(yíng)化的進(jìn)程,還對(duì)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)者自主經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)及財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)造成了侵害。由于實(shí)踐中對(duì)政府臨時(shí)接管的爭(zhēng)議層出不窮,因此對(duì)臨時(shí)接管的法律定性、設(shè)立權(quán)限的清晰、啟動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的明確、實(shí)施程序的完善具有重大的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義。本文正是以政府臨時(shí)接管中存在的問題為研究對(duì)象,展開論述。首先將臨時(shí)接管與行政處罰、行政征收等具體行政行為進(jìn)行比較分析,筆者認(rèn)為臨時(shí)接管符合行政即時(shí)強(qiáng)制的特征,具有強(qiáng)制性、即時(shí)性、臨時(shí)性和過渡性的特征,是行政主體為了維護(hù)社會(huì)公共利益,保證公用事業(yè)的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性,在私人部門因客觀原因或者主觀原因不能正常提供公共服務(wù)而致使公共利益受到損害或威脅時(shí),為了避免或化解公共危機(jī)采取的即時(shí)的強(qiáng)制性接收和管理行為。其次我國(guó)公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管作為行政強(qiáng)制措施的一種,依據(jù)我國(guó)2011年出臺(tái)的《行政強(qiáng)制法》的規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)由法律或者行政法規(guī)進(jìn)行設(shè)立,而現(xiàn)行涉及臨時(shí)接管的法律文件大都是部門規(guī)章、地方性法規(guī)和地方性政府規(guī)章,這些文件均不具備設(shè)立臨時(shí)接管的合法權(quán)限,同時(shí)在臨時(shí)接管的設(shè)立事項(xiàng)也不夠全面。臨時(shí)接管的條件也是出現(xiàn)各地方不統(tǒng)一、啟動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“緊急情況”認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模糊、“公共利益”的范圍界定不清,這無疑會(huì)造成行政主體擁有過度的自主裁量權(quán),易造成臨時(shí)接管的濫用。而行政主體決定臨時(shí)接管并付諸實(shí)施的程序在立法上則缺乏相應(yīng)的規(guī)定,公眾參與和信息公開的程度也不高,導(dǎo)致被接管人及相關(guān)利益人的權(quán)益在臨時(shí)接管過程中更容易受到損害。本文認(rèn)為公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管首要解決的問題的就是設(shè)立上的問題,由于我國(guó)現(xiàn)行立法中還沒有一部完整的針對(duì)公用事業(yè)的法律或行政法規(guī)所以導(dǎo)致公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管的設(shè)立欠缺一定的合法性,而解決這一問題的根本在于盡快制定一部《公用事業(yè)法》,在法律層面對(duì)公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性的規(guī)定。其次針對(duì)公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管的條件寬泛,程序簡(jiǎn)陋等問題的解決辦法則是對(duì)這些啟動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)施程序的具體和細(xì)化,削弱行政機(jī)關(guān)一定的自主裁量權(quán),同時(shí)嚴(yán)格落實(shí)公眾參與和信息公開,真正發(fā)揮聽證會(huì)的作用,使得我國(guó)的公用事業(yè)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)臨時(shí)接管越來越完善。
[Abstract]:Along with our country public utilities market gradually, the franchise has become the main mode of operation of public utilities, the government regulatory role in franchising is more important. In order to protect the public interest, Public Utilities Franchise temporarily taken over as a kind of administrative action of the government regulatory responsibility has its rationality and necessity. But in practice, because the starting condition of China's temporary takeover is too broad, take over programs without clear rules, leads to a lack of legitimacy of the government in the temporary takeover when there is abuse to a certain extent. When there is an emergency endangering public utilities operation, the government often ignored by regulatory means supervise the franchisee improve, but in the implementation of the interim receiver to solve the abuse of power. The government will temporarily take not only hindered the process of privatization of public utilities, but also on the Charter The operator independent operation rights and property rights are infringed. Due to the temporary takeover of the government in the practice of legal disputes emerge in an endless stream, so qualitative temporary takeover authority, set up clear start standards clear, has great theoretical value and practical significance to improve the implementation of the program. This paper is based on the existing government temporary takeover as the research object, discussed. First temporary takeover and administrative punishment, comparative analysis of administrative expropriation and other specific administrative acts, the author thinks that the temporary takeover with administrative compulsory characteristics, strong system, real-time characteristics, temporary and transitional, is the administrative body in order to safeguard public interests, ensure continuity and the stability of public utilities in the private sector, due to objective reasons or subjective reasons can not be normal to provide public services in the public interest damage or threat When, in order to avoid or defuse public crisis to take immediate mandatory receiving and management behavior. Secondly, our country Public Utilities Franchise temporarily taken over as a kind of compulsory administrative measures, according to China's 2011 introduction of the "administrative mandatory law" should be established by law or administrative regulations, legal documents and the current relates to temporary takeover most of the department regulations, local government regulations and local regulations, these documents do not have legal authority over the establishment of a temporary, while the establishment of temporary takeover matters is not comprehensive enough. The condition is also temporarily taken over each place is not unified, starting in the standard "emergency" standard fuzzy, "scope of public interest" the definition is not clear, which will result in the administrative subject has discretion over, easy to abuse. And temporarily took over the administrative subject decided to temporarily connected The implementation of the program and the lack of corresponding provisions in the legislation, public participation and the degree of information disclosure is not high, resulting in a takeover and the interests of related people more susceptible to damage in the temporary takeover process. This paper argues that Public Utilities Franchise temporarily took over the first problem is the problem of the establishment of the because, in the current legislation of our country does not have a complete response to the utility of the laws or administrative regulations so that Public Utilities Franchise over the establishment of temporary lack of certain legitimacy, and to solve this problem, this is the formulation of a "public utility law" as soon as possible, in the legal aspects of Public Utilities Franchise the provisions of the temporary takeover system. Aiming at the conditions of broad public utilities franchise interim receiver, the solution procedure is simple and crude way is for these start mark The specific and detailed implementation of quasi and implementation procedures will weaken the discretion of the executive authorities, and strictly implement public participation and information disclosure, so as to really play the role of hearing, making the temporary takeover of public utilities franchised in China more and more perfect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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