發(fā)布時間：2018-01-12 10:03

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：船舶油污損害賠償制度研究　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 油污損害 責(zé)任限制 強制保險 基金

【摘要】：隨著科技高速發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟全球化進程加快以及現(xiàn)代航運業(yè)的日益繁榮，由于船舶油污引起的海洋污染成為海洋環(huán)境污染中的重要污染源。船舶油污不僅給人們造成了重大的物質(zhì)損害，而且還給海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境和自然資源造成了極大的危害，阻礙了海洋經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。近些年來發(fā)生的多起重大船舶油污事故，給人們帶來了深重災(zāi)難，從國際層面、國內(nèi)層面，都給人們留下了深刻印象，引起了人們的高度重視。解決船舶油污損害帶來的不利影響，成為世界難題。為了減少船舶油污帶來消極影響，半個世紀以來，國際上和各國一直致力于通過立法來解決船舶油污損害賠償難題。于是，在國際上《民事責(zé)任公約》和《基金公約》等國際公約通過；同時一些航運發(fā)達國家美國、加拿大等也都在國內(nèi)法中確立并逐漸完善了船舶油污損害賠償制度。相比，我國作為石油進口大國，石油海上運輸量巨大，，發(fā)生了很多船舶油污事故，但是沒有完善的船舶油污損害賠償制度為依托。我國雖然是《民事責(zé)任公約》的參加國，但是卻沒有加入《基金公約》，也沒有在國內(nèi)設(shè)立船舶油污基金制度，結(jié)果是油污事故發(fā)生后清污費不能保障而清污工作難以順利開展，受害人賠償也不充分，而且制度的不完善也給諸多的油污案件的法律適用帶來了困難。 本文針對我國當(dāng)前船舶油污損害賠償制度并無專門立法的情況，分析了船舶油污損害賠償?shù)膰H公約，美國、加拿大等國家船舶油污國內(nèi)立法以及我國船舶油污損害賠償法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定，結(jié)合我國的航運業(yè)現(xiàn)狀以及我國船舶油污現(xiàn)狀，提出完善符合我國國情的船舶油污損害賠償制度的相應(yīng)的立法建議。 第一部分將主要對船舶油污損害賠償?shù)母攀鲞M行論述。本部分通過對船舶油污損害賠償制度基本理論著手，進而簡要介紹船舶油污損害賠償國際立法、發(fā)達國際立法以及我國的相關(guān)立法規(guī)定來分析立法狀況，以及立法趨勢。 第二部分將主要論述船舶油污損害賠償適用范圍和賠償范圍。本部分首先論述船舶油污損害的適用范圍，主要論述船舶油污損害賠償?shù)倪m用船舶和油類兩個方面；然后對船舶油污賠償范圍這個重要問題進行論述，不僅討論賠償?shù)姆秶鷨栴}，其中還對船舶油污損害賠償?shù)挠嬎銌栴}進行論述。 第三部分將主要論述船舶油污損害賠償?shù)闹黧w。船舶油污損害賠償?shù)闹黧w包括權(quán)利主體和責(zé)任主體兩個方面，分別進行論述。 第四部分將主要論述船舶油污損害賠償歸責(zé)原則和責(zé)任限制兩個方面的內(nèi)容。歸責(zé)原則方面先簡要介紹了無過錯責(zé)任的功能，然后介紹無過錯責(zé)任在船舶油污損害賠償法律制度中的確立，最后分析免責(zé)事由。責(zé)任限制方面，首先介紹責(zé)任限制的由來；接著比較責(zé)任限制不同法律規(guī)定得出其發(fā)展趨勢和規(guī)律；最后論述責(zé)任限制的喪失。 第五部分將論述我國船舶油污損害賠償制度的完善。這部分主要是圍繞完善強制責(zé)任保險和構(gòu)建油污損害賠償基金兩個方面進行論證。這部分先論述我國船舶油污損害損害賠償立法不足之處，進而論述完善我國船舶油污損害賠償制度應(yīng)依據(jù)的原則。強制保險方面，結(jié)合我國船舶油污立法狀況以及航運業(yè)狀況對我國完善強制保險的必要性作出論證，然后提出建立我國船舶油污損害賠償制度的立法建議。油污基金建立方面，首先論述我國未加入《基金公約》的原因，然后論述建立油污賠償損害基金的必要性，最后論述建立我國船舶油污基金的主要內(nèi)容，論述將主要圍繞著《船舶油污損害賠償基金征收和使用管理辦法》的規(guī)定來進行。最后論述我國應(yīng)建立科學(xué)的油污損害評估體系，論述體系的內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the accelerating process of economic globalization and the growing prosperity of modern shipping industry, the oil pollution caused by marine pollution has become an important source of pollution in the marine environment. Marine oil pollution not only causes significant material damage to people, but also the marine ecological environment and natural resources caused great harm, hindering the sustainable the development of marine economy. In recent years the number of major oil pollution accidents, brought grave disaster to the people, from the international level, the domestic level, will impress people, attracted the attention of people. To solve the adverse effects of oil pollution damage caused by become a world problem. In order to reduce negative impact on ship oil, for half a century, the international community has been committed to solve the ship oil pollution damage compensation legislation through the problem. Then, in the international The International Convention on Civil Liability Convention > > and < > by the fund convention; some shipping developed countries such as the United States, Canada are also in the domestic law established and gradually perfect the compensation system for oil pollution damage. Compared to China as a major importer of oil, oil shipping amount is huge, has a lot of ship oil spill accidents. But there is no perfect ship pollution damage compensation system as the basis. Although China is the "Convention on civil liability > members, but did not join the" fund Convention ", nor the establishment of ship oil pollution fund system in China, the oil after the accident clean-up fees can not guarantee the cleanup work is carried out smoothly, the victim the compensation is not sufficient, and the system is not perfect for many oil pollution cases applicable law is difficult.
According to the situation of the compensation system has no specific legislation in the current ship oil pollution damage, analysis of ship oil pollution damage compensation of the international convention, the United States, Canada and other countries the relevant provisions of domestic legislation, China's marine oil pollution damage compensation of ship oil pollution law, combined with the status quo of China's shipping industry, China's marine oil pollution situation, put forward to perfect the ship oil pollution damage compensation system in line with China's national conditions of the corresponding legislative proposals.
The first part will focus on the compensation for oil pollution damage from ships are discussed. This part of the basic theory of ship oil pollution damage compensation system, and briefly introduces the international legislation of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, the international advanced legislation and China's legislation to analyze the status of legislation, and the legislative trend.
The second part mainly discusses the ship oil pollution damage compensation scope and the scope of compensation. The scope of this part discusses the ship oil pollution damage, mainly discusses the two aspects of ship oil pollution damage compensation for ships and oil; and then discusses the scope of ship oil pollution compensation this important problem, not only to discuss the scope of compensation, also discussed on the compensation for oil pollution damage calculation.
The third part will mainly discuss the main body of compensation for ship oil pollution damage. The main body of compensation for ship oil pollution damage includes two aspects: the subject of right and the subject of liability.
The fourth part mainly discusses the ship oil pollution damage compensation liability principle and the liability limit of two aspects. First briefly introduces the imputation principle of no fault liability, and then introduces the establishment of no fault liability in marine oil pollution damage compensation legal system in the final analysis, excusatio. Limitation of liability, first introduced the origin of the limitation of liability; then compare the different legal limitation of liability provisions of law and the development tendency; finally discusses the limitation of liability for the loss.
The fifth part will discuss the improvement of the system of compensation for oil pollution damage in China. This part is mainly focus on the improvement of compulsory liability insurance and the two aspects of the construction fund for compensation for oil pollution damage are demonstrated. This part first discusses China's ship oil pollution damage compensation legislation shortcomings, and then discusses the perfection of ship oil pollution damage compensation system should be based on the principle of. Compulsory insurance, combined with China's legislative status of ship oil pollution and shipping industry situation on necessity of perfecting our country's compulsory insurance to make the argument, then put forward legislative suggestions for the establishment of China's marine oil pollution damage compensation system. The oil pollution fund to establish, first discusses why China did not join the "fund Convention", and then discusses the necessity of establish the oil pollution damage compensation fund, the main content finally discusses the establishment of China's marine oil pollution fund, this will mainly focus on the "ship oil pollution damage In the end, we should establish a scientific oil pollution damage assessment system and discuss the content of the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.1

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