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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：子女數(shù)量、子女社會經(jīng)濟地位對中老年人幸福感的影響研究　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 自評幸福度 子女數(shù)量 子女社會經(jīng)濟地位 中老年人 分層線性模型

【摘要】：隨著我國人口老齡化進程的加快和老年人口預(yù)期壽命的不斷延長,老年人的生命質(zhì)量更加受到關(guān)注。中年人即要承擔贍養(yǎng)父母的責任,又要為子女提供各種支持,肩負著雙重壓力,其生命質(zhì)量也備受關(guān)注。自評幸福度是衡量生命質(zhì)量的重要指標,它不僅是人們物質(zhì)生活水平的體現(xiàn),也是其精神生活滿足的反映。我國歷來就有"養(yǎng)兒防老" "多子多福"的觀念,傳統(tǒng)觀念認為父母的養(yǎng)老保障和幸福度與子女數(shù)目呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,子女數(shù)量越多,父母養(yǎng)老越有保障,幸福度也越高。然而又研究證明,多子未必多福,子女的受教育程度而非子女的數(shù)量對提高農(nóng)村老人的生命質(zhì)量有積極的影響作用。本研究使用2013年中國老年人健康與養(yǎng)老追蹤數(shù)據(jù)(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS),從子女數(shù)量和子女社會經(jīng)濟地位的視角來分析其對中老年人的自評幸福度的影響。自評幸福度由生活滿意度和抑郁程度兩部分組成,子女的社會經(jīng)濟地位由子女的受教育程度、年收入水平和職業(yè)類型三個指標來衡量。本研究采用定量研究和定性研究結(jié)合的方法。定量研究使用分層線性模型,從個體、家庭和社區(qū)三個層面出發(fā),分析子女數(shù)量和子女社會經(jīng)濟地位對中老年人自評幸福度的影響。在定性方法上:圍繞子女數(shù)量和子女社會經(jīng)濟地位對中老年人幸福感影響的相關(guān)主題,深入訪談了東中西部地區(qū)的7位中老年人。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1、子女數(shù)量對中年人和老年人的生活滿意度的影響是不同的。在控制個體的人口和社會變量、健康狀況以及家戶層面社區(qū)層面變量情況下,如,年齡、家戶消費水平、當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展水平。子女數(shù)量與中年人的生活滿意度有顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系,但是子女數(shù)量對老年人生活滿意度不具有顯著影響。2、子女社會經(jīng)濟地位是影響中老年人自評幸福度的重要因素。子女的年收入水平對男性中老年人的生活滿意度和抑郁程度均有顯著影響,子女的年收入水平對男性抑郁程度的影響高于女性;子女的受教育程度與中老年人生活滿意度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,但在控制了家戶層面和社區(qū)層面的變量后影響就不再顯著,但子女的受教育程度能顯著降低中老年人的抑郁程度;子女的職業(yè)類型對城市中年人的生活滿意度和城市老年人的抑郁程度均有顯著影響。3、子女數(shù)量與子女社會經(jīng)濟地位對老年人的生活滿意度和中年人的抑郁程度的影響均有替代效應(yīng)。4、從定性訪談中得出:傳統(tǒng)"多子多福"觀念在老年人的觀念中已經(jīng)弱化,而多子女會明顯降低中年人的生活滿意度。老年人的幸福感很大程度上來源于他人對子女的積極評價以及與同齡人群子女的對比優(yōu)勢;中年人的幸福感來源于子女在學(xué)業(yè)和事業(yè)上的成就。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the aging process and the continuous extension of the life expectancy of the elderly population, the quality of life of the elderly is more and more concerned. Middle-aged people should bear the responsibility of supporting their parents. The self-evaluation of happiness is an important index to measure the quality of life, it is not only the embodiment of people's material life level. It is also a reflection of the satisfaction of its spiritual life. Our country has always had the concept of "raising children and preventing old age" and "having more children and more happiness". The traditional idea is that the old-age security and the degree of happiness of parents are positively related to the number of children. The greater the number of children, the more secure their parents are and the higher their happiness. However, studies have shown that having more children is not necessarily more fortunate. The educational level of children, rather than the number of children, has a positive effect on improving the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas. China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CHARLSU, from the perspective of the number of children and the social and economic status of the children, to analyze its impact on the middle-aged and elderly self-rated happiness, which consists of two parts: life satisfaction and depression. The social and economic status of children is measured by their education level, annual income level and occupation type. This study adopts the combination of quantitative research and qualitative research. The quantitative study uses hierarchical linear model. From the individual, family and community three levels. This paper analyzes the influence of the number of children and the social and economic status of children on the self-evaluation happiness of middle-aged and old people. In qualitative methods, it focuses on the related themes of the number of children and the social and economic status of children to the well-being of middle-aged and old people. The study found that the number of children has different effects on the life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly people, and controls the population and social variables of individuals. Health status and community level variables such as age, household consumption level, local economic development level, the number of children and middle-aged people's life satisfaction has a significant negative correlation. However, the number of children has no significant impact on the elderly life satisfaction. 2. The social and economic status of children is an important factor affecting the self-evaluation happiness of middle-aged and old people. The annual income of children has a significant impact on the life satisfaction and depression degree of male middle-aged and old people. The effect of annual income of children on the degree of depression in men was higher than that in women. The educational level of children is positively correlated with the life satisfaction of middle-aged and old people, but the influence is no longer significant after controlling the variables at the household level and community level. However, the educational level of the children can significantly reduce the depression degree of the middle-aged and the elderly; The occupational type of children has significant influence on life satisfaction of middle-aged people in urban areas and depression degree of urban elderly people. The number of children and the social and economic status of the children had a substitution effect on the life satisfaction of the elderly and the depression degree of the middle-aged. From the qualitative interviews, it is concluded that the traditional concept of "more children and more happiness" has been weakened in the concept of the elderly. The happiness of the elderly comes from the positive evaluation of the children and the comparative advantage with the children of the same age. The happiness of middle-aged people comes from their children's academic and career achievements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D913;C913.6

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