本文關(guān)鍵詞：論夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的司法困境及立法完善　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 夫妻共同債務(wù) 舉證責(zé)任 日常家事代理權(quán) 立法完善

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,夫妻之間的人身關(guān)系和財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系都更為獨(dú)立,同時(shí)與外界的經(jīng)濟(jì)往來(lái)更加頻繁,債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系亦逐漸增多,對(duì)夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的案件數(shù)量成上升的趨勢(shì)。尤其是對(duì)于夫妻一方以個(gè)人名義所負(fù)債務(wù)在何種情況下能夠被認(rèn)定為夫妻共同債務(wù)的案件,在司法實(shí)踐中爭(zhēng)議頗多。社會(huì)大眾對(duì)于夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定案件的審判結(jié)果探討也極多,認(rèn)為在多數(shù)情況下,法院對(duì)于夫妻共同債務(wù)的認(rèn)定侵害了非舉債人尤其是女性的利益。此司法困境引起了立法者和學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注,期望更完善的法律制度的出臺(tái)可以平衡不同主體的利益。筆者通過對(duì)我國(guó)關(guān)于夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的法律及司法解釋進(jìn)行整理,并查詢夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的案例,進(jìn)一步分析出夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定在我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐中陷入困境的原因,最終提出切實(shí)可行的立法對(duì)策。我國(guó)婚姻繼承法較西方國(guó)家比起步較晚,受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想的影響,對(duì)于有關(guān)夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系的規(guī)定還存在著許多不足。根據(jù)對(duì)婚姻家庭法領(lǐng)域中有關(guān)夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的法律規(guī)范的梳理,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)此類制度在我國(guó)并不完善,在一些制度的規(guī)定上還相互矛盾的情況。例如:有關(guān)夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的規(guī)則,現(xiàn)行生效的法律規(guī)定中有“夫妻共同生活”、“婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間”兩種推定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�，F(xiàn)行有關(guān)夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系的立法存在很多缺失,在對(duì)于夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的問題上,具體表現(xiàn)為:難以依法界定“夫妻共同生活”范圍、缺少日常家事代理制度、追求保護(hù)債權(quán)人利益,卻忽視了公平的分配舉證責(zé)任。立法的缺失是導(dǎo)致夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的司法實(shí)踐陷入困境的最主要原因,此困境必須通過進(jìn)一步完善立法來(lái)解決。在司法實(shí)踐中,由于審判者機(jī)械地適用法規(guī)導(dǎo)致了夫妻一方以個(gè)人名義所負(fù)債務(wù)絕大多數(shù)被認(rèn)定為夫妻共同債務(wù)。舉債人以個(gè)名義所負(fù)的債務(wù),非舉債人只有通過舉證證明以下四種情況存在,才可以排除自己對(duì)于債務(wù)的清償責(zé)任:第一,證明該債務(wù)未被用于夫妻共同生活,即沒有享受到相關(guān)利益;第二,證明債權(quán)人與舉債人存在惡意串通;第三,夫妻二人采用約定財(cái)產(chǎn)制,債權(quán)人對(duì)該約定知曉;第四,舉債人和債權(quán)人在簽訂借款合同時(shí)明確約定該債務(wù)為其個(gè)人債務(wù)�？此仆ㄟ^一系列法律對(duì)非舉債人的利益進(jìn)行了保護(hù),但是在司法實(shí)踐中非舉債人往往難以提供相關(guān)證據(jù)來(lái)保證自身的利益,導(dǎo)致案件在審判實(shí)踐中陷入困境。本文通過解析《婚姻法》及其相關(guān)解釋中對(duì)于夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的法律條款并借鑒國(guó)外立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),在我國(guó)現(xiàn)有立法的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步設(shè)立日常家事代理制度、大額舉債登記制度、夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)登記制度,完善舉證責(zé)任的分配、分居及同居期間財(cái)產(chǎn)的認(rèn)定,借此構(gòu)建更完整的夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定法律體系�？紤]到設(shè)立新制度要有與之相匹配的法律法規(guī)和執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以便于法官在審判案件中能夠?qū)Ψ蓷l款便捷且精準(zhǔn)的適用。希望所提出的立法對(duì)策可以充分保護(hù)不同主體的利益,解決夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定在司法實(shí)踐中的困境,使法律真正能夠起到定紛止?fàn)幍淖饔谩?br/>[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the personal relationship between the wife and the property relations are more independent, and more frequent economic exchanges with the outside world, debt relationship has gradually increased, the cognizance of the common debts of the number of cases rose. Especially for the spouses of debts owed by individuals can be identified as the couple the common debt situations in which case, a lot of controversy in the judicial practice. The public for the conjugal debt reorganization of a lot of trial results that, in most cases, the court finds that the conjugal debt against the non debt people especially women's interests. The judicial dilemma has aroused widespread concern of legislators and scholars, the legal system more perfect expectations can be introduced to balance the interests of different subjects. Based on China's debt on jointly identified legal and The judicial interpretation of collation, and query the conjugal debt identified case, further analysis of the matrimonial debt that causes trouble in judicial practice in China, finally puts forward feasible countermeasures. The legislation of marriage in our country inheritance law than in western countries than late, affected by China tradition, provisions for marital property the relationship between still exist many shortcomings. According to the laws and regulations of the common debt of couples that marriage and family law in the field of combing can be found such a system is not perfect in our country, the rules are on the contradictory situation. For example: the marital joint debt identification rules, "couples living together" the effect of legal provisions, "during the existence of marriage" two standards. The presumption of the matrimonial property legislation has many deficiencies, in the In a couple of common debt issues identified, specific performance: difficult to define according to law "couples living together", the lack of daily chores agency system, the pursuit of the protection of the interests of creditors, but ignore the fairness of the allocation of the burden of proof. The lack of legislation is the main reason of judicial practice leads to marital debt that is in trouble, this the difficulties must further improve the legislation to solve. In judicial practice, the judge mechanically led to one of the spouses debts owed by individuals most often identified as the couple's joint debt. The debt to applicable regulatory nominal debt, non debt only through the burden of proof to prove the existence of the following four cases that can exclude yourself for debt repayment responsibility: first, to prove that the debt is not used for a couple living together, ie did not enjoy the relevant benefits; second, proof of creditors And the debtors have malicious collusion; third, two couples with contractual property system, creditor awareness of the agreement; fourth, debtors and creditors in signed a loan contract expressly agreed the debt for personal debt. Through a series of seemingly non debt law on the interests of the people are protected, but in judicial practice of non debt is often difficult to provide relevant evidence to ensure their own interests, resulting in cases of trouble in judicial practice. This article through the legal provisions of marriage law > < analytical and related explanation for the conjugal debt identified and foreign legislative experience, based on our existing legislation, further establishing the daily chores agency system. Large debt registration system, property registration system, improve the allocation of the burden of proof, the separation and determination of property during cohabitation, to build a more complete conjugal debt Determination of legal system. Considering the establishment of the new system should be matched with the laws and regulations and standards, in order to judge the legal provisions for convenient and accurate in the trial case. Hope legislation proposed measures to fully protect the interests of different subjects, solve the conjugal debt recognized in judicial practice dilemma the law, really can play the role of settling disputes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.9

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