大麥（Hordeum vulgare L.）不僅是最古老的栽培作物之一,而且是第四大糧食作物,被廣泛的用于食品、飼料、釀酒等行業(yè)。同時(shí),大麥廣泛的地區(qū)適應(yīng)性,在水肥充足的地區(qū)甚至沙漠都有種植,它為一些亞洲國(guó)家（如喜馬拉雅山區(qū)）,北非（如摩洛哥和埃塞爾比亞）提供了穩(wěn)定的食物供給。作為栽培大麥的祖先種,野生大麥（Hordeum spontaneum）為栽培大麥的改良提供了非常豐富的遺傳資源。自然條件下,野生大麥主要分布在新月沃土,中亞和西藏地區(qū)。因此,研究大麥的起源,遺傳多樣性和進(jìn)化關(guān)系對(duì)于野生資源的開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)和利用具有非常重要的作用。首先,對(duì)于環(huán)境的物理響應(yīng)可以反映出植物所受的壓力。非生物脅迫如溫度、氣候因素和化學(xué)變化對(duì)是影響植物生長(zhǎng)的重要環(huán)境因素。另外,生物脅迫如競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、捕食、寄生同樣對(duì)于會(huì)增加植物生存壓力。雖然生物和非生物脅迫是獨(dú)立的部分,但這兩者經(jīng)常是協(xié)同作用的。環(huán)境效應(yīng)只能通過(guò)對(duì)正在受到環(huán)境壓力的有機(jī)體來(lái)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。遺傳變異可以通過(guò)生物體或群體的自交或者其他遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的變化引起,其會(huì)造成該群體響應(yīng)特定環(huán)境基因型比例的變化。適應(yīng)性可以理解為是生物體在新的環(huán)境下生存下來(lái),并且進(jìn)化出了一些適應(yīng)... 

【文章來(lái)源】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)陜西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：163 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Chapter 1 Review of Literature
    1.1.Barley
        1.1.1. The origin and history of barley
        1.1.2. Taxonomy and etymology
        1.1.3. Barley genome
        1.1.4. Ecological distribution
        1.1.5. Health benefits and concerns of barley
        1.1.6. Genetic advantage of barley research
    1.2. Genomic Divergence, Adaptation and Evolution of Barley
        1.2.1. Adaptive genomic divergence in barley
        1.2.2. The molecular base of genome divergence and evolution
        1.2.3. Evolutionary processes driving genomic divergence
        1.2.4. Approaches for analysis of adaptive genomic divergence
    1.3. Molecular Marker Techniques used in Plant Genomics
        1.3.1. Simple sequence repeats (SSR)
        1.3.2. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)
        1.3.3. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
        1.3.4. Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR (KASP)
        1.3.5. Sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR)
        1.3.6. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS)
        1.3.7. Randomly amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMP)
        1.3.8. Target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP)
        1.3.9. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)
        1.3.10. Intron-exon splice junctions (ISJ)
        1.3.11. Selection of molecular marker technique
    1.4. Beta Glucan: An Overview of Its Properties, Health Benefits, Genetic Background and Practical Applications
        1.4.1. Properties of β-glucan
        1.4.2. Health benefits
        1.4.3. Genetic background
        1.4.4. Extraction of β-glucan
        1.4.5. Practical applications of β-glucan fortification
    1.5. Main research work
    1.6. Objectives of the research
Chapter 2 Genetic, Morphological, Chemical Divergence and Microenvironmental Adaptation in Wild Barley
    2.1. Introduction
    2.2. Material and Methods
        2.2.1. Plant materials
        2.2.2. DNA extraction
        2.2.3. Molecular markers analyses
        2.2.4. Molecular data analysis
        2.2.5. Morphological characterization
        2.2.6. NIR spectroscopy analysis
    2.3. Results
        2.3.1. Polymorphism and genetic variation analyzed by ISJ markers
        2.3.2. Genetic diversity of morphological traits
        2.3.3. NIR spectroscopy analysis
    2.4. Discussion
    2.5. Conclusion
Chapter 3 Direct Comparison of β-Glucan Content in Wild and Cultivated Barley
    3.1. Introduction
    3.2. Materials and Methods
        3.2.1. Plant materials
        3.2.2. Sample preparation
        3.2.3. Chemical analysis
        3.2.4. Statistical analysis
    3.3. Results
        3.3.1. β-glucan content of selected accessions
        3.3.2. Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution
        3.3.3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of barley populations
        3.3.4. Cluster analysis
    3.4. Discussion
    3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Genome‐ Wide Identification and Analysis of Csl F Gene Family in Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)
    4.1. Introduction
    4.2. Materials and Methods
        4.2.1. Identification of Csl F genes in barley
        4.2.2. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis
        4.2.3. Analysis of the expression profiles of Csl F RNA-seq datasets
        4.2.4. Correlation network analysis
    4.3. Results
        4.3.1. Genome‐ wide identification of the Csl F gene families in barley
        4.3.2. Multiple alignments, phylogenetic and conserved motif analysis of Hv Csl F
        4.3.3. Tissue‐ specific expression patterns of Hv Csl F genes
        4.3.4. Interactions between Hv Csl F family members
    4.4. Discussion
    4.5. Conclusion
Chapter 5 General Conclusions
References
Appendix
Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Curriculum Vitae



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