南嶺山地松科樹種徑向生長與氣候因子關(guān)系及氣候重建研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-13 16:36
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)以來,全球氣候變化對森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。山地森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較為脆弱,對于氣候變化反映更為敏感,因此研究山地森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對全球氣候變化的響應(yīng)具有重要意義。南嶺是中國南部最大的山脈,也是我國南北氣候分界線之一,分布有典型的山地森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng),其獨(dú)特的地貌和廣泛分布的原始森林為開展森林對氣候變化響應(yīng)的研究提供了得天獨(dú)厚的條件。樹木年輪氣候?qū)W的系統(tǒng)研究有利于深刻認(rèn)識氣候變化對南嶺山地森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響和預(yù)測未來植被的分布格局。本文以馬尾松(Pinus massoniana)、華南五針?biāo)?Pinus Kwangtungesis Chun)和資源冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis var. ziyuanensis)為研究對象,分別布設(shè)了4個馬尾松采樣點(diǎn)、4個華南五針?biāo)刹蓸狱c(diǎn)和2個資源冷杉采樣點(diǎn),采集樹芯樣本,并建立相應(yīng)的年表。通過相關(guān)分析與響應(yīng)函數(shù)分析、特征年分析等方法,研究樹種、年齡、緯度、海拔梯度對樹木徑向生長與氣候因子(上年6月到當(dāng)年12月的月平均氣溫、月平均最高氣溫和月平均最低氣溫、月平均降水量)關(guān)系的影響,同時根據(jù)近60年來研究地區(qū)的氣象數(shù)據(jù),分析樹木徑向生長對氣候因子的響應(yīng),據(jù)此重建南嶺山地的3條歷史氣候序列,并分析其氣候變化特征。主要研究結(jié)果有：1、不同樹種的徑向生長對氣候因子的響應(yīng)關(guān)系有差異。馬尾松、華南五針?biāo)蓮较蛏L具有與溫度升高相一致的趨勢,而資源冷杉徑向生長則出現(xiàn)隨溫度升高而下降的“分離現(xiàn)象”。對水熱條件的正響應(yīng)是影響馬尾松、華南五針?biāo)赡贻唽挾扰c溫度保持一致的關(guān)鍵。升溫導(dǎo)致的水分脅迫是造成資源冷杉年輪寬度與溫度變化趨勢相反的重要因素。2、年齡對樹木徑向生長與氣候因子的響應(yīng)關(guān)系有重要影響,不同年齡的資源冷杉徑向生長與生長季的溫度正相關(guān)、與生長季的降水負(fù)相關(guān),但主要受溫度的影響。幼齡樹對當(dāng)年生長季的溫度和降水的響應(yīng)比較敏感,而老齡樹則相對受上年生長季末期的氣候變化比較敏感。年表所包含樣本的年齡不同,其對氣候變化的響應(yīng)特征也不同,年表所包含的樣本的年齡跨度大,則容易掩蓋不同年齡樹木對外界氣候變化反應(yīng)的特性。3、海拔梯度對華南五針?biāo)蓮较蛏L與氣候因子的關(guān)系有重要影響。在森林下限的低海拔處,樹木徑向生長受當(dāng)年生長季溫度和降水的影響很大,但相比較來說,主要受降水的影響,生長季充足的降水有利于樹木的生長,溫度偏高易于窄輪的形成。隨著海拔的升高,溫度限制樹木生長的作用有所增強(qiáng),降水限制樹木生長的作用有所減弱,在中海拔處,降水的影響主要來自上年秋季,充足的降水有利于寬輪的形成,生長季溫度偏高不利于樹木生長。在高海拔的森林上限,樹木生長受當(dāng)年生長季溫度和降水的影響都很大,但主要受溫度的影響,生長季較高的溫度促進(jìn)寬輪的形成,生長季過多的降水易形成窄輪。4、緯度對馬尾松徑向生長與氣候因子的關(guān)系影響不同。北部地區(qū)徑向生長主要受冬季和夏季溫度的影響,冬季和夏季溫度的升高均促進(jìn)了馬尾松的徑向生長；中部地區(qū)馬尾松的徑向生長主要受冬季和夏季溫度的影響,冬季溫度的升高促進(jìn)了馬尾松的徑向生長,但夏季溫度的升高在一定程度上抑制了馬尾松的徑向生長；南部地區(qū)馬尾松的徑向生長主要受夏季溫度的影響,夏季溫度的升高抑制了馬尾松的生長。降水對馬尾松徑向生長的影響只與南部地區(qū)顯著相關(guān),中部地區(qū)馬尾松的徑向生長與上年10月的降水相關(guān),但不顯著。5、南嶺山地北部地區(qū)5-7月平均氣溫模擬重建結(jié)果表明,在20世紀(jì)40年代以前氣候主要是以寒冷為主,其中5-7月溫度最低的3年分別為1892年、1952年和1845年,而溫度最高的3年依次為2007年、2005年和1988年。對重建序列進(jìn)行11年滑動平均,在20世紀(jì)40年代以前氣候主要是以寒冷為主,重建的溫度序列有4個較為明顯的冷期(1840～1866年、1879～1902年、1914～1924年、1932～1940年)；3個明顯的暖期(1869～1877年、1905～1913年和1925～1930年)。在20世紀(jì)90年代后期,出現(xiàn)了明顯的氣溫升高現(xiàn)象。南嶺山地中部地區(qū)2-3月平均氣溫模擬重建結(jié)果表明,在過去120多年來的溫度變化上,其中2-3月份最低的3年分別為1957年、1945年和1893年,而溫度最高的3年依次為2007年、2002年和1960年。對重建序列進(jìn)行11年滑動平均,重建的溫度序列有3個較為明顯的冷期(1892～1906年、1918～1922年、1944～1957年)和3個明顯的暖期(1909～1917年、1959～1968年和1998～2010年)。南嶺山地南部地區(qū)9-10月降水模擬重建結(jié)果表明,在過去114年來的降水變化上,其中9～10月份最低的3年分別為1957年、1945年和1893年,而降水最高的3年依次為2007年、2002年和1960年。對重建序列進(jìn)行11年滑動平均,重建的降水序列有3個偏干期(1913～1921年、1941～1968年、1978～1988年)和4個偏濕期(1897～1912年、1922～1940年、1969～1977年、1989～2010年)。從降水量偏濕時期的平均值來看,平均值的最大值出現(xiàn)在1922年,值為152.7mm；從降水量偏干時期的平均值來看,平均值的最小值出現(xiàn)在1961年,值為97.5mm。最長的偏濕時期為1922-1940年,持續(xù)了19年；而最長的偏干時期為1941-1968年,持續(xù)了28年。
[Abstract]:The global climate change has had a far-reaching impact on the forest ecosystem since the twenty-first century. Mountain forest ecosystem is more fragile and is more sensitive to climate change, so it is of great significance to study the response of mountain forest ecosystem to global climate change. Nanling is the largest mountain range in the southern part of China. It is also one of the north and the south of China. It is a typical mountain forest ecosystem. The unique landforms and the widely distributed primitive forests provide unique conditions for the study of the response of forest to climate change. The systematic study of the tree-year-round climatology is beneficial to the deep understanding of the impacts of climate change on the forest ecosystem in the Nanling Mountain and the distribution pattern of the future vegetation. In this paper, Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana), Pinus kangtungensis Chun and Abies beshanzuensis var. Ziyuanensis was used as the research object.4 masson pine sampling points,4 south china five-needle loose sampling points and two fir sampling points are respectively arranged, and the tree core samples are collected and corresponding annual tables are established. The radial growth and climatic factors of tree species, age, latitude and altitude were studied by correlation analysis and response function analysis and characteristic year analysis. The monthly mean temperature, monthly average maximum temperature and monthly mean minimum temperature of tree species, age, latitude and altitude were studied. Based on the meteorological data of the study area in the last 60 years, the response of the radial growth of the trees to the climate factors is analyzed, and the three historical climate sequences of the Nanling Mountain are reconstructed, and the characteristics of the climate change are analyzed. The main results are as follows:1. The radial growth of different species is different to the response of the climatic factors. The radial growth of Pinus massoniana and the five-needle pine in South China has a tendency to be consistent with the increase of the temperature, while the radial growth of the fir is a decreasing "separation" with the increase of the temperature. The positive response to the hydrothermal condition is the key to the consistency of the width and temperature of Pinus massoniana and South China's five-needle pine. The water stress caused by the temperature increase is an important factor which causes the change of the annual wheel width and the temperature change trend of the resource fir. There is a negative correlation with the precipitation in the growth season, but is mainly influenced by the temperature. Young-age trees are sensitive to the temperature and precipitation response of the year's growth season, while the old trees are more sensitive to climate change at the end of the last year's growth season. The age of the sample contained in the annual table is different, and its response to climate change is also different, and the age span of the sample contained in the annual table is large, it is easy to mask the characteristics of the different age trees to the external climate change reaction. The altitude gradient has an important influence on the relationship between the radial growth of the five-needle pine in South China and the climatic factors. At the low altitude of the lower limit of the forest, the radial growth of the trees is affected by the growth season temperature and the precipitation of the year, but in comparison, the rainfall is mainly affected by the precipitation, and the sufficient precipitation in the growing season is favorable for the growth of the trees, and the temperature is high and the formation of the narrow wheels is easy. With the increase of altitude, the effect of temperature on the growth of trees is enhanced, and the effect of precipitation on the growth of trees is weakened. In the middle and high altitude, the effect of precipitation is mainly from the fall of the previous year. The sufficient precipitation is favorable to the formation of the wide wheel, and the high temperature of the growing season is unfavorable to the growth of the trees. At the upper forest limit of high altitude, the growth of the trees is affected by the temperature and the precipitation of the year, but is mainly influenced by the temperature, the temperature of the growth season is higher than the formation of the wide wheel, and the growing season of the precipitation is easy to form a narrow wheel. The effect of latitude on the relationship between the radial growth of masson pine and the climatic factors is different. the radial growth in the northern region is mainly affected by the temperature of the winter and the summer, and the increase of the temperature in the winter and the summer promotes the radial growth of the masson massoniana; the radial growth of the masson pine in the central region is mainly influenced by the temperature of the winter and the summer, and the rise of the temperature in the winter promotes the radial growth of the masson pine, But the rise of summer temperature can restrain the radial growth of masson pine to a certain extent, the radial growth of masson pine in the south is mainly affected by the summer temperature, and the increase of the summer temperature inhibits the growth of the masson pine. The effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Pinus massoniana is related only to the southern region, and the radial growth of the masson pine in the central region is related to the precipitation in October of the previous year. In the early 1940s, the climate was mainly cold, with the lowest temperature in May-July was 1892,1952 and 1845, and the highest temperature in three years was 2007,2005 and 1988. The 11-year sliding average was carried out on the reconstruction sequence, and in the early 1940s, the climate was mainly cold, and the reconstructed temperature series had four distinct cold periods (1840-1866,1879-1902,1914-1924,1932-1940), and three distinct warm periods (1869-1877,1905-1913 and 1925-1930). In the late 1990s, there was a marked increase in temperature. The results of the simulation and reconstruction of the mean temperature in the middle part of the mountainous area of the Nanling Mountains show that the temperature changes over the past 120 years, in which the lowest three years in the period of 2 to March were 1957,1945 and 1893, while the highest temperature was in 2007,2002 and 1960. There are three distinct cold periods (1892-1906,1918-1922,1944-1957) and 3 distinct warm periods (1909-1917,1959-1968 and 1998-2010). The results of the simulation and reconstruction of the precipitation from 9 to 10 in the southern part of Nanling Mountain show that in the past 114 years, the lowest three-year rainfall in September to October was 1957,1945 and 1893, and the three years of precipitation were in 2007,2002 and 1960. The reconstruction sequence is subjected to 11-year sliding average, and the reconstructed precipitation sequence has three partial dry periods (1913-1921,1941-1968,1978-1988) and 4 wet periods (1897-1912,1922-1940,1969-1977,1989-2010). The mean value of the mean value appears in 1922 with a value of 152.7 mm from the mean of the precipitation-off-wet period; the minimum value of the mean value appears in 1961, with a value of 97.5 mm, from the average of the precipitation-off period. The longest wet period was 1922-1940 and lasted for 19 years; and the longest dry period was 1941-1968 and lasted for 28 years.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S718.5
本文編號：2498651
[Abstract]:The global climate change has had a far-reaching impact on the forest ecosystem since the twenty-first century. Mountain forest ecosystem is more fragile and is more sensitive to climate change, so it is of great significance to study the response of mountain forest ecosystem to global climate change. Nanling is the largest mountain range in the southern part of China. It is also one of the north and the south of China. It is a typical mountain forest ecosystem. The unique landforms and the widely distributed primitive forests provide unique conditions for the study of the response of forest to climate change. The systematic study of the tree-year-round climatology is beneficial to the deep understanding of the impacts of climate change on the forest ecosystem in the Nanling Mountain and the distribution pattern of the future vegetation. In this paper, Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana), Pinus kangtungensis Chun and Abies beshanzuensis var. Ziyuanensis was used as the research object.4 masson pine sampling points,4 south china five-needle loose sampling points and two fir sampling points are respectively arranged, and the tree core samples are collected and corresponding annual tables are established. The radial growth and climatic factors of tree species, age, latitude and altitude were studied by correlation analysis and response function analysis and characteristic year analysis. The monthly mean temperature, monthly average maximum temperature and monthly mean minimum temperature of tree species, age, latitude and altitude were studied. Based on the meteorological data of the study area in the last 60 years, the response of the radial growth of the trees to the climate factors is analyzed, and the three historical climate sequences of the Nanling Mountain are reconstructed, and the characteristics of the climate change are analyzed. The main results are as follows:1. The radial growth of different species is different to the response of the climatic factors. The radial growth of Pinus massoniana and the five-needle pine in South China has a tendency to be consistent with the increase of the temperature, while the radial growth of the fir is a decreasing "separation" with the increase of the temperature. The positive response to the hydrothermal condition is the key to the consistency of the width and temperature of Pinus massoniana and South China's five-needle pine. The water stress caused by the temperature increase is an important factor which causes the change of the annual wheel width and the temperature change trend of the resource fir. There is a negative correlation with the precipitation in the growth season, but is mainly influenced by the temperature. Young-age trees are sensitive to the temperature and precipitation response of the year's growth season, while the old trees are more sensitive to climate change at the end of the last year's growth season. The age of the sample contained in the annual table is different, and its response to climate change is also different, and the age span of the sample contained in the annual table is large, it is easy to mask the characteristics of the different age trees to the external climate change reaction. The altitude gradient has an important influence on the relationship between the radial growth of the five-needle pine in South China and the climatic factors. At the low altitude of the lower limit of the forest, the radial growth of the trees is affected by the growth season temperature and the precipitation of the year, but in comparison, the rainfall is mainly affected by the precipitation, and the sufficient precipitation in the growing season is favorable for the growth of the trees, and the temperature is high and the formation of the narrow wheels is easy. With the increase of altitude, the effect of temperature on the growth of trees is enhanced, and the effect of precipitation on the growth of trees is weakened. In the middle and high altitude, the effect of precipitation is mainly from the fall of the previous year. The sufficient precipitation is favorable to the formation of the wide wheel, and the high temperature of the growing season is unfavorable to the growth of the trees. At the upper forest limit of high altitude, the growth of the trees is affected by the temperature and the precipitation of the year, but is mainly influenced by the temperature, the temperature of the growth season is higher than the formation of the wide wheel, and the growing season of the precipitation is easy to form a narrow wheel. The effect of latitude on the relationship between the radial growth of masson pine and the climatic factors is different. the radial growth in the northern region is mainly affected by the temperature of the winter and the summer, and the increase of the temperature in the winter and the summer promotes the radial growth of the masson massoniana; the radial growth of the masson pine in the central region is mainly influenced by the temperature of the winter and the summer, and the rise of the temperature in the winter promotes the radial growth of the masson pine, But the rise of summer temperature can restrain the radial growth of masson pine to a certain extent, the radial growth of masson pine in the south is mainly affected by the summer temperature, and the increase of the summer temperature inhibits the growth of the masson pine. The effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Pinus massoniana is related only to the southern region, and the radial growth of the masson pine in the central region is related to the precipitation in October of the previous year. In the early 1940s, the climate was mainly cold, with the lowest temperature in May-July was 1892,1952 and 1845, and the highest temperature in three years was 2007,2005 and 1988. The 11-year sliding average was carried out on the reconstruction sequence, and in the early 1940s, the climate was mainly cold, and the reconstructed temperature series had four distinct cold periods (1840-1866,1879-1902,1914-1924,1932-1940), and three distinct warm periods (1869-1877,1905-1913 and 1925-1930). In the late 1990s, there was a marked increase in temperature. The results of the simulation and reconstruction of the mean temperature in the middle part of the mountainous area of the Nanling Mountains show that the temperature changes over the past 120 years, in which the lowest three years in the period of 2 to March were 1957,1945 and 1893, while the highest temperature was in 2007,2002 and 1960. There are three distinct cold periods (1892-1906,1918-1922,1944-1957) and 3 distinct warm periods (1909-1917,1959-1968 and 1998-2010). The results of the simulation and reconstruction of the precipitation from 9 to 10 in the southern part of Nanling Mountain show that in the past 114 years, the lowest three-year rainfall in September to October was 1957,1945 and 1893, and the three years of precipitation were in 2007,2002 and 1960. The reconstruction sequence is subjected to 11-year sliding average, and the reconstructed precipitation sequence has three partial dry periods (1913-1921,1941-1968,1978-1988) and 4 wet periods (1897-1912,1922-1940,1969-1977,1989-2010). The mean value of the mean value appears in 1922 with a value of 152.7 mm from the mean of the precipitation-off-wet period; the minimum value of the mean value appears in 1961, with a value of 97.5 mm, from the average of the precipitation-off period. The longest wet period was 1922-1940 and lasted for 19 years; and the longest dry period was 1941-1968 and lasted for 28 years.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S718.5
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