不同水分供應(yīng)條件下夏玉米農(nóng)田SPAC系統(tǒng)水熱傳輸模擬
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-13 07:36
【摘要】：通過(guò)不同水分供應(yīng)條件下SPAC系統(tǒng)水熱傳輸?shù)亩磕M,可以解釋土壤-植物-大氣不同交互界面的水熱輸送與轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,對(duì)闡明非充分灌溉方式的節(jié)水機(jī)理,優(yōu)化解決作物產(chǎn)量與耗水量矛盾進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)水資源高效利用具有重要意義。本研究以夏玉米田間非充分灌溉試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),分析了玉米冠層光譜特征、氣孔導(dǎo)度和蒸發(fā)蒸騰量變化規(guī)律,建立了基于光譜植被指數(shù)的夏玉米葉面積指數(shù)估算模型和不同水分條件下氣孔導(dǎo)度改進(jìn)模型,為SPAC模型提供了動(dòng)態(tài)的作物參數(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng);在充分考慮土壤水汽熱耦合運(yùn)移的STEMMUS模型基礎(chǔ)上加入了作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰計(jì)算模塊(直接ET和間接ET計(jì)算方法)和根系吸水計(jì)算模塊(宏觀和微觀根系吸水模型),最終建立了夏玉米田土壤-植物-大氣連續(xù)體(SPAC)水熱傳輸模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了不同水分供應(yīng)條件下SPAC系統(tǒng)水熱動(dòng)態(tài)變化的定量模擬。研究取得了如下主要成果:(1)夏玉米冠層高光譜反射率可見(jiàn)光波段“綠峰”、“紅谷”和“紅邊”可作為反演葉面積指數(shù)的敏感波段范圍;近紅外波段(1600-1830nm)可作為指示植被冠層水分狀態(tài)的敏感波段范圍。選用了綠度植被指數(shù)(NDVI,RVI和EVI)、考慮土壤背景修正的植被指數(shù)(MSAVI,TSAVI和PVI)和水分植被指數(shù)(NDWI1240,NDWI1460和WI)三類(lèi)植被指數(shù),建立了各植被指數(shù)反演葉面積指數(shù)模型,結(jié)果表明:歸一化植被指數(shù)NDVI能夠有效的模擬本地區(qū)夏玉米葉面積指數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,考慮土壤背景修正的植被指數(shù)模擬效果有所提高,但不明顯;水分植被指數(shù)反演葉面積指數(shù)模型的決定系數(shù)較高,表明在不同水分條件下,考慮冠層水分狀態(tài)能顯著提高葉面積指數(shù)的模擬效果。(2)利用三種水分指標(biāo)(葉氣溫差、葉片尺度作物缺水指標(biāo)、土壤水分指標(biāo))改進(jìn)了Jarvis氣孔導(dǎo)度模型并對(duì)其在不同水分供應(yīng)條件下的適用性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證分析。基于葉氣溫差和葉片尺度作物缺水指標(biāo)的氣孔導(dǎo)度改進(jìn)模型模擬效果優(yōu)于基于土壤水分指標(biāo)的氣孔導(dǎo)度改進(jìn)模型。在夏玉米生育后期,土壤水分指標(biāo)改進(jìn)的氣孔導(dǎo)度模型模擬值明顯偏低,不適合該時(shí)段夏玉米氣孔導(dǎo)度的定量研究。(3)夏玉米蒸發(fā)蒸騰量變化規(guī)律夏玉米蒸發(fā)蒸騰量和蒸騰速率均表現(xiàn)出單峰曲線的晝夜變化趨勢(shì),不同水分供應(yīng)對(duì)蒸騰速率的影響主要體現(xiàn)在峰值大小和峰值發(fā)生的時(shí)間上。玉米蒸騰速率與環(huán)境因子的響應(yīng)關(guān)系在不同水分供應(yīng)條件下基本一致:光合有效輻射和氣溫影響較大,飽和水氣壓差影響較小。不同水分供應(yīng)條件下夏玉米生育期內(nèi)的實(shí)際蒸發(fā)蒸騰量和作物系數(shù)表現(xiàn)出一定的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律,均隨著生育期的推進(jìn)而增加,并在生育中期達(dá)到峰值。不同水分供應(yīng)處理對(duì)實(shí)際蒸發(fā)蒸騰量和作物系數(shù)的影響主要表現(xiàn)在數(shù)值大小上。(4)比較分析了半干旱地區(qū)不同ET計(jì)算方法(間接ET方法和直接ET方法)、不同根系吸水模型(宏觀根系吸水模型和微觀根系吸水模型)對(duì)SPAC系統(tǒng)模型模擬結(jié)果的影響,為不同目標(biāo)下SPAC模型的參數(shù)化方案選擇提供了依據(jù)�；诤暧^根系吸水模型的模擬表明:利用兩種ET方法模擬的土壤含水率值和蒸滲儀實(shí)測(cè)值在20cm土層深度處變化規(guī)律基本一致,但是隨著土層深度加深,SPAC模型模擬值和實(shí)測(cè)值差異增大。兩種ET方法模型在不同土層深度的土壤溫度模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果相差不大,在生育前期土壤溫度的模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果吻合程度高,在較大的灌水過(guò)后,模型模擬結(jié)果出現(xiàn)了明顯的高估,且隨著土層深度的增加,與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果的差異性有增大的趨勢(shì)。采用不同ET計(jì)算方法,SPAC模型模擬玉米蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的表現(xiàn)在灌水后有較大差異,采用間接ET方法的模型模擬結(jié)果明顯低估了蒸發(fā)蒸騰量,而基于直接ET方法的模型效果較好。總體來(lái)看,兩種ET方法均能夠動(dòng)態(tài)模擬小時(shí)尺度和日尺度的作物蒸發(fā)蒸騰量變化規(guī)律,采用直接ET方法估算效果較好,決定系數(shù)達(dá)到0.80以上。基于單根的微觀根系吸水模型與宏觀根系吸水模型模擬結(jié)果在土壤含水率、土壤溫度和不同時(shí)間尺度的蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的表現(xiàn)相差不大。采用不同ET方法對(duì)土壤-植物-大氣系統(tǒng)模型效果有顯著影響,直接ET計(jì)算方法模型估算效果較好,比較適合該地區(qū)玉米蒸發(fā)蒸騰量的估算研究。(5)研究探討了不同水分條件下SPAC模型的適用性。盡管在具體數(shù)值上有些差異,SPAC模型能夠定量模擬不同水分條件下的土壤水分、蒸發(fā)蒸騰變化規(guī)律。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)生育前期降低土壤濕潤(rùn)頻率能夠顯著降低土壤蒸發(fā)量。不同灌水量處理對(duì)玉米葉面蒸騰影響顯著,表明蒸騰量的差異是造成不同灌水量處理?xiàng)l件下玉米生育期耗水差異的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Through the quantitative simulation of the hydro-thermal transmission of the SPAC system under different water supply conditions, the hydrothermal transfer and conversion process of the soil-plant-atmosphere interaction interface can be explained, and the water-saving mechanism of the non-sufficient irrigation mode is clarified, It is of great significance to optimize the contradiction between crop yield and water consumption and to realize the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources. Based on the experiment of the non-sufficient irrigation in the field of summer maize, the spectral characteristics, stomatal conductance and the change of the evaporation and transpiration of the corn were analyzed, and the model for estimating the leaf area index of the summer maize based on the spectral vegetation index and the porosity of the stomatal conductance under different water conditions were established. the dynamic crop parameter driving is provided for the SPAC model, a crop evapotranspiration calculation module (a direct ET and an indirect ET calculation method) and a root system water absorption calculation module (macro and micro root system water absorption model) are added on the basis of a STEMMUS model taking full consideration of the soil moisture thermal coupling migration, The heat transfer model of the soil-plant-atmospheric continuous body (SPAC) in the summer maize field was established, and the quantitative simulation of the hydrothermal changes of the SPAC system under different water supply conditions was realized. The main results are as follows: (1) The "Green Peaks", "Red Valley" and "red edge" of the high spectral reflectance of the summer maize crown can be taken as the sensitive band range for the inversion of the leaf area index; the near infrared band (1600-1830 nm) can be used as the sensitive band range for indicating the moisture state of the vegetation canopy. The vegetation index (NDVI, RVI and EVI), the vegetation index (MSAVI, TSAVI and PVI) and the water vegetation index (NDWI 1240, NDWI 1460, and WI) of the soil background correction were selected. The normalized vegetation index NDVI can effectively simulate the change of the leaf area index of the summer maize in the region, and the vegetation index simulation effect of the soil background correction is improved, but not obvious; the water vegetation index is higher in the determination coefficient of the leaf area index model, It is shown that under different water conditions, the simulation effect of the leaf area index can be obviously improved in consideration of the water state of the canopy. (2) Using three kinds of water indexes (leaf temperature difference, leaf scale crop water shortage index and soil moisture index), the air-conductance model of Jarvis was improved and its applicability under different water supply conditions was analyzed and analyzed. The improved model of stomatal conductance based on the air temperature difference and the water shortage index of the blade-scale crop is better than that of the stomatal conductance based on the soil moisture index. In the late stage of summer maize, the model of stomatal conductance model with improved soil moisture index is obviously low, and it is not suitable for the quantitative study of the stomatal conductance of summer maize in this period. (3) The change of transpiration and transpiration rate of summer maize showed the diurnal variation trend of single-peak curve, and the effect of different water supply on transpiration rate was mainly reflected in the time of peak and peak. The response relationship between the transpiration rate and the environmental factor of the maize is basically the same under different water supply conditions: the effect of the photosynthetic effective radiation and the air temperature is large, and the influence of the saturated water vapor pressure difference is small. The actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in the growing period of summer maize under different water supply conditions showed a certain seasonal variation, which increased with the development of the growth period and reached the peak in the middle of the growth period. The effects of different water supply treatments on the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient are mainly on the numerical value. (4) The effects of different ET calculation methods (the indirect ET method and the direct ET method) of the semi-arid area, the water-absorbing model of different root systems (the water-absorbing model of the macro root system and the water-absorbing model of the micro-root system) on the simulation results of the SPAC system are compared and analyzed, And provides the basis for selecting the parameterization scheme of the SPAC model under different targets. The simulation results of the water-absorbing model based on the macro-root system show that the variation of the soil moisture content and the measured value of the steam-measuring instrument is basically the same in the depth of the 20cm soil layer, but with the depth of the soil layer, the difference between the model value and the measured value of the SPAC model is increased. The results of the simulation of soil temperature in different soil layers of the two kinds of ET method are very different from the measured results, and the simulation results of the soil temperature in the early stage of the fertility have a high degree of coincidence with the measured results. After the large irrigation, the simulation results show a significant overestimation. And with the increase of the depth of the soil layer, the difference of the measured results has a tendency to increase. Using the method of different ET, the simulation results of SPAC model and SPAC model show great difference after the irrigation, and the model simulation results of the indirect ET method obviously underestimated the amount of evaporation and transpiration, and the model effect based on the direct ET method is good. In general, both of the ET methods can simulate the change of the evapotranspiration of the crop in the hour scale and the daily scale, and the effect of the direct ET method is good, and the coefficient of determination is over 0.80. The water content of soil, soil temperature and evapotranspiration of different time scales were not much different based on a single micro-root-system water-absorbing model and a macro-root-system water-absorbing model. The effect of different ET method on the model of soil-plant-atmosphere system is significantly affected, and the effect of the direct-ET calculation method is better, and the estimation of the evapotranspiration of the maize in the region is compared. (5) The applicability of SPAC model under different water conditions is studied. In spite of some differences in specific values, the SPAC model can quantitatively simulate the change of soil moisture and evaporation transpiration under different water conditions. The study found that the decrease of the soil wetting frequency in the early stage can significantly reduce the evaporation of the soil. The effect of different irrigation water treatment on the transpiration of maize was significant, indicating that the difference of transpiration was the main reason for the difference of water consumption in the growth period of maize under different irrigation water treatment conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S513
本文編號(hào)：2498366
[Abstract]:Through the quantitative simulation of the hydro-thermal transmission of the SPAC system under different water supply conditions, the hydrothermal transfer and conversion process of the soil-plant-atmosphere interaction interface can be explained, and the water-saving mechanism of the non-sufficient irrigation mode is clarified, It is of great significance to optimize the contradiction between crop yield and water consumption and to realize the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources. Based on the experiment of the non-sufficient irrigation in the field of summer maize, the spectral characteristics, stomatal conductance and the change of the evaporation and transpiration of the corn were analyzed, and the model for estimating the leaf area index of the summer maize based on the spectral vegetation index and the porosity of the stomatal conductance under different water conditions were established. the dynamic crop parameter driving is provided for the SPAC model, a crop evapotranspiration calculation module (a direct ET and an indirect ET calculation method) and a root system water absorption calculation module (macro and micro root system water absorption model) are added on the basis of a STEMMUS model taking full consideration of the soil moisture thermal coupling migration, The heat transfer model of the soil-plant-atmospheric continuous body (SPAC) in the summer maize field was established, and the quantitative simulation of the hydrothermal changes of the SPAC system under different water supply conditions was realized. The main results are as follows: (1) The "Green Peaks", "Red Valley" and "red edge" of the high spectral reflectance of the summer maize crown can be taken as the sensitive band range for the inversion of the leaf area index; the near infrared band (1600-1830 nm) can be used as the sensitive band range for indicating the moisture state of the vegetation canopy. The vegetation index (NDVI, RVI and EVI), the vegetation index (MSAVI, TSAVI and PVI) and the water vegetation index (NDWI 1240, NDWI 1460, and WI) of the soil background correction were selected. The normalized vegetation index NDVI can effectively simulate the change of the leaf area index of the summer maize in the region, and the vegetation index simulation effect of the soil background correction is improved, but not obvious; the water vegetation index is higher in the determination coefficient of the leaf area index model, It is shown that under different water conditions, the simulation effect of the leaf area index can be obviously improved in consideration of the water state of the canopy. (2) Using three kinds of water indexes (leaf temperature difference, leaf scale crop water shortage index and soil moisture index), the air-conductance model of Jarvis was improved and its applicability under different water supply conditions was analyzed and analyzed. The improved model of stomatal conductance based on the air temperature difference and the water shortage index of the blade-scale crop is better than that of the stomatal conductance based on the soil moisture index. In the late stage of summer maize, the model of stomatal conductance model with improved soil moisture index is obviously low, and it is not suitable for the quantitative study of the stomatal conductance of summer maize in this period. (3) The change of transpiration and transpiration rate of summer maize showed the diurnal variation trend of single-peak curve, and the effect of different water supply on transpiration rate was mainly reflected in the time of peak and peak. The response relationship between the transpiration rate and the environmental factor of the maize is basically the same under different water supply conditions: the effect of the photosynthetic effective radiation and the air temperature is large, and the influence of the saturated water vapor pressure difference is small. The actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in the growing period of summer maize under different water supply conditions showed a certain seasonal variation, which increased with the development of the growth period and reached the peak in the middle of the growth period. The effects of different water supply treatments on the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient are mainly on the numerical value. (4) The effects of different ET calculation methods (the indirect ET method and the direct ET method) of the semi-arid area, the water-absorbing model of different root systems (the water-absorbing model of the macro root system and the water-absorbing model of the micro-root system) on the simulation results of the SPAC system are compared and analyzed, And provides the basis for selecting the parameterization scheme of the SPAC model under different targets. The simulation results of the water-absorbing model based on the macro-root system show that the variation of the soil moisture content and the measured value of the steam-measuring instrument is basically the same in the depth of the 20cm soil layer, but with the depth of the soil layer, the difference between the model value and the measured value of the SPAC model is increased. The results of the simulation of soil temperature in different soil layers of the two kinds of ET method are very different from the measured results, and the simulation results of the soil temperature in the early stage of the fertility have a high degree of coincidence with the measured results. After the large irrigation, the simulation results show a significant overestimation. And with the increase of the depth of the soil layer, the difference of the measured results has a tendency to increase. Using the method of different ET, the simulation results of SPAC model and SPAC model show great difference after the irrigation, and the model simulation results of the indirect ET method obviously underestimated the amount of evaporation and transpiration, and the model effect based on the direct ET method is good. In general, both of the ET methods can simulate the change of the evapotranspiration of the crop in the hour scale and the daily scale, and the effect of the direct ET method is good, and the coefficient of determination is over 0.80. The water content of soil, soil temperature and evapotranspiration of different time scales were not much different based on a single micro-root-system water-absorbing model and a macro-root-system water-absorbing model. The effect of different ET method on the model of soil-plant-atmosphere system is significantly affected, and the effect of the direct-ET calculation method is better, and the estimation of the evapotranspiration of the maize in the region is compared. (5) The applicability of SPAC model under different water conditions is studied. In spite of some differences in specific values, the SPAC model can quantitatively simulate the change of soil moisture and evaporation transpiration under different water conditions. The study found that the decrease of the soil wetting frequency in the early stage can significantly reduce the evaporation of the soil. The effect of different irrigation water treatment on the transpiration of maize was significant, indicating that the difference of transpiration was the main reason for the difference of water consumption in the growth period of maize under different irrigation water treatment conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S513
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前4條
1 張超;基于高光譜數(shù)據(jù)與SAFY-FAO作物模型同化的冬小麥生長(zhǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)與模擬研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2018年
2 陳晟;基于機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的黑河中游作物需水量模型研究[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2018年
3 楊健;西北地區(qū)覆膜春小麥田間水熱傳輸機(jī)制與模擬研究[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2018年
4 王秋玲;玉米葉片光合特性對(duì)干旱的響應(yīng)及氣孔導(dǎo)度模擬研究[D];中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院;2018年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 李謙;灌水處理下稻田水熱交換特征與耦合模型研究[D];南京信息工程大學(xué);2018年
2 陳光杰;夏玉米寬窄行集雨覆蓋種植土壤水分運(yùn)移及其模擬研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2017年
，本文編號(hào)：2498366
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/nykjbs/2498366.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
