發(fā)布時間：2019-03-26 09:39

【摘要】：西北地區(qū)光熱資源豐富,有利于馬鈴薯的種植,但水資源極度匱乏。水熱脅迫會影響馬鈴薯產量和品質。膜下滴灌可以為馬鈴薯生長提供適宜的水熱環(huán)境從而節(jié)約用水,提高產量和品質。研究膜下滴灌馬鈴薯田間水熱傳輸規(guī)律可以為膜下滴灌系統(tǒng)的設計和管理提供科學依據及指導。本文通過2014年和2015年在中國農業(yè)大學石羊河實驗站的田間試驗,研究不同薄膜覆蓋(透明薄膜,TMP2;不覆膜,NMP2;黑色薄膜,BMP2)和不同滴灌濕潤比(35%,TMP1;55%,TMP2;75%,TMP3)馬鈴薯田間水熱傳輸規(guī)律及其對馬鈴薯生長的影響。利用HYDRUS-2D模擬不同滴灌濕潤比土壤水熱運移規(guī)律。構建膜下滴灌馬鈴薯田間熱傳輸模型。所得研究成果如下:(1)揭示不同薄膜覆蓋處理馬鈴薯田間熱變化規(guī)律及其對馬鈴薯生長的影響。BMP2處理的田間凈輻射要高于TMP2和NMP2處理。2014年和2015年,在幼苗期,BMP2處理壟頂薄膜表面溫度的最大值比TMP2處理分別高3.0和3.9 ℃。隨著馬鈴薯冠層的生長,各薄膜覆蓋處理田間熱環(huán)境變量的差異逐漸減小。BMP2處理的株高要大于TMP2處理,地上部分的熱和輻射是影響馬鈴薯株高的主要因素。雖然BMP2處理的馬鈴薯產量與TMP2處理相當,但是在2014年和2015年BMP2處理的耗水比TMP2處理分別要高9%和8%。(2)揭示不同薄膜覆蓋和滴灌濕潤比處理土壤水分分布及其對馬鈴薯生長的影響。薄膜覆蓋處理在0～10 cm深度處的土壤含水量高于不薄膜覆蓋處理。隨著馬鈴薯冠層覆蓋度增大,不覆膜處理和薄膜覆蓋處理的這種差異逐漸減小。BMP2處理壟頂?shù)耐寥浪肿兓纫笥赥MP2處理。不覆膜處理的馬鈴薯根系要多于薄膜覆蓋處理。TMP1處理的下層土壤含水量隨著馬鈴薯生長而逐漸降低,其根系要多于TMP2和TMP3處理。2014年和2015年TMP1處理的馬鈴薯水分利用效率比TMP3處理分別高17%和25%。TMP1處理更有利于馬鈴薯種植。(3)利用HYDRUS-2D模擬不同滴灌濕潤比土壤水熱運移規(guī)律。使用三種方法模擬土壤水分運動:用土壤質地信息獲得的土壤水力學參數(shù)進行模擬(SSTI);用土壤水分特征曲線獲得的土壤水力學參數(shù)進行模擬(SSWRC);用反演模型獲得的土壤水力學參數(shù)進行模擬(SInverse)。SInverse模擬效果最好,尤其在10cm深度處。土壤溫度的模擬效果比較好,在10～50cm度(TMP2處理20cm深度除外),其均方根誤差RMSE范圍為1.0～2.5℃。(4)建立膜下滴灌馬鈴薯田間熱傳輸模型,引入光合有效輻射透射率和冠層覆蓋度考慮冠層生長和輻射傳輸過程。通過率定和驗證,該模型可以模擬溫度、土壤熱通量、凈輻射日變化及生育期變化規(guī)律。通過全局敏感性分析得TMP2和BMP2處理白天冠層溫度的最敏感參數(shù)均為平均氣孔阻力。
[Abstract]:The north-west area is rich in photothermal resources, which is beneficial to the cultivation of the potato, but the water resource is extremely scarce. Hydrothermal stress can affect that yield and quality of the potato. The drip irrigation under the membrane can provide a suitable hydrothermal environment for the growth of the potatoes so as to save water, improve the yield and the quality. The law of the field hydrothermal transfer of the drip irrigation potato under the research film can provide scientific basis and guidance for the design and management of the drip irrigation system under the membrane. According to the field experiment of Shiyang River experimental station in China Agricultural University in 2014 and 2015, the different film coverage (transparent film, TMP2, non-coating, NMP2, black film, BMP2) and the wet ratio of different drip irrigation (35%, TMP1,55%, TMP2, and 75%) were studied. The law of the hydrothermal transfer in the field of the potato and its effect on the growth of the potato. The thermal migration of soil water was simulated with HYDRUS-2D. The field heat transfer model of the drip irrigation potato under the construction of the film was constructed. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The effect of different film coverage on the field thermal variation of the potato and its effect on the growth of the potato is revealed. The net radiation in the field of BMP2 was higher than that of TMP2 and NMP2. In the period of 2014 and 2015, the maximum temperature of the surface of the ridging film was 3.0 and 3.9 鈩，

本文編號：2447420