【摘要】：植物向重力性定點(diǎn)角(gravitropic setpoint angle,GSAs)是指由植物向重力性所決定的、植物器官在重力(gravity)作用下所保持的角度。植物器官的GSAs范圍一般為0-180o,幼苗根的GSA為典型的0o,其莖的GSA為典型的180o。蘋果生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用自根砧木,樹體一致性強(qiáng),果實(shí)商品性高,是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家主要生產(chǎn)模式,但是自根砧根系淺、固地性差,在我國(guó)瘠薄果園土壤上表現(xiàn)欠佳,導(dǎo)致其在我國(guó)蘋果生產(chǎn)中推廣緩慢。因此,進(jìn)行蘋果自根砧不定根向重力性定點(diǎn)角(GSAs)影響因子的研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。本研究前期篩選了3種近緣根性不同蘋果自根砧,表現(xiàn)出不同的不定根分支角度,并以此為試材,從植物激素、插穗次生代謝產(chǎn)物分析入手,利用轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)技術(shù)研究插穗中不定根向重力性定點(diǎn)角形成的影響因素,旨在探討插穗內(nèi)的次生代謝產(chǎn)物在不定根GSAs發(fā)生中的作用。蘋果自根砧不定根發(fā)生發(fā)育過(guò)程中,插穗中生長(zhǎng)素(auxin)的含量呈先升高再降低的趨勢(shì),脫落酸(ABA)和異戊烯基腺嘌呤(iPA)含量總體呈下降趨勢(shì),玉米素核苷Z(yǔ)R含量變化趨勢(shì)呈“W”型,而赤霉素GA_3含量則呈“V”型。在不定根GSAs形成時(shí)期,深層根型插穗中的內(nèi)源IAA含量迅速降低,而內(nèi)源玉米素核苷Z(yǔ)R和赤霉素GA_3的含量在深層根型、中間根型和淺層根型插穗中依次降低,IAA/ZR和IAA/GA_3則依次升高。蘋果自根砧嫩枝扦插插穗的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)成分主要為酯類化合物(44.34%)和醇類化合物(41.27%);其中,E-4-己烯-1-醇[4-Hexen-1-ol,(E)-]的相對(duì)含量最高,為33.96%,其次是Z-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯[3-Hexen-1-ol,acetate,(Z)-](20.18%)和甲酸己酯[Formic acid,hexyl ester](15.11%)。不定根GSAs不同的插穗中,揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)的相對(duì)含量不同,尤其E-2-己烯醛[2-Hexenal,(E)-],隨著不定根GSAs的增大,其相對(duì)含量逐漸增多。利用Illumina HiSeq 2500測(cè)序平臺(tái),分別對(duì)不定根發(fā)育過(guò)程的3個(gè)時(shí)期的轉(zhuǎn)錄組進(jìn)行測(cè)序分析。測(cè)序共獲得9個(gè)樣本的原始reads,總數(shù)為36,919,140到38,793,530,每個(gè)樣品約有24 millionreads與參考基因組比對(duì)成功,有效比對(duì)率為86.03%-88.87%。不定根GSAs形成時(shí)期,基因DFR、HCT1A和CYP78A5等下調(diào),促進(jìn)了柚皮素、槲皮素等類黃酮化合物和生物堿化合物的合成。
[Abstract]:Plant-to-gravity fixed point angle (gravitropic setpoint angle,GSAs) refers to the angle which is determined by plant gravity and maintained by plant organs under the action of gravity (gravity). The GSAs range of plant organs is generally 0. 180 o, the GSA of seedling roots is typical 0 o, and the GSA of stem is 180 o. The application of self-root rootstock in apple production has strong consistency and high commodity, which is the main production mode in developed countries. However, the root system of self-root rootstock is shallow and the soil is poor in barren orchards in China. It leads to its slow spread in apple production in China. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence factors of the fixed-point angle (GSAs) on the adventitious root-fixed angle of apple stock. In the early stage of this study, three kinds of self-root rootstocks with different root characteristics were screened, showing different angles of adventitious root branches, and using them as test materials, starting with the analysis of plant hormones and secondary metabolites of cuttings. In order to explore the role of secondary metabolites in the formation of adventitious root GSAs in cuttings, the factors affecting the formation of adventitious root-gravity fixed-point angles in cuttings were studied by using transcriptometry technique in order to explore the role of secondary metabolites in adventitious root formation in cuttings. During the development of adventitious root of apple root stock, the content of auxin (auxin) in cuttings increased at first and then decreased, while the content of (ABA) and isoamyl adenine (iPA) decreased in general. The ZR content of zeatin showed "W" type, while gibberellin GA_3 content showed "V" type. During the formation of adventitious root GSAs, the content of endogenous IAA in deep root type cuttings decreased rapidly, while the contents of endogenous zeatin nucleoside ZR and gibberellin GA_3 decreased sequentially in deep root type, middle root type and shallow root type cuttings. IAA/ZR and IAA/GA_3 increased in turn. The volatile compounds in the cuttings of apple self-rootstock were mainly esters (44.34%) and alcohols (41.27%), and the main volatile compounds in the cuttings were esters (44.34%) and alcohols (41.27%). Among them, the relative content of 4-hexene-1-ol (E) -) was the highest (33.96%), followed by Z-acetic acid-3-hexene-1-ol (3-hexene-1-ol, acetate), (Z) -] (20.18%) and hexyl formate [Formic acid,hexyl ester] (15.11%). The relative contents of volatile substances in different cuttings of adventitious root GSAs were different, especially the relative content of Ex2-hexenal [2-hexenal, (E) -] increased gradually with the increase of GSAs in adventitious roots. The transcripts from three stages of adventitious root development were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. The total number of original reads, from 9 samples was 36919140 to 38,793 and 530, and about 24 millionreads per sample was successfully compared with the reference genome, with an effective ratio of 86.03% to 88.87%. The down-regulation of genes DFR,HCT1A and CYP78A5 during the formation of adventitious root GSAs promoted the synthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids, such as naringin, quercetin and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S661.1

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