雞蛋暗斑的形成機(jī)理探索研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-22 09:54
【摘要】：蛋殼暗斑主要為雞蛋內(nèi)容物中水分滲透并積聚在蛋殼形成。自然光照下蛋殼暗斑部分呈水印色,而在LED燈穿透下,暗斑部分透光率增強(qiáng)變成半透明色。暗斑廣泛存在于不同品系蛋雞群體中,并且極大影響雞蛋美觀,降低雞蛋商業(yè)價值。國際上暗斑蛋的報道已經(jīng)有90年的歷史,并從不同角度進(jìn)行了研究,但是其基本表現(xiàn)規(guī)律、遺傳特性、結(jié)構(gòu)差異和形成機(jī)理等并不清楚。本研究以矮小褐殼蛋雞(DWL)和白來航蛋雞(WLL)為試驗材料,探究了暗斑性狀的度量,基本表現(xiàn)規(guī)律和影響因素,暗斑對生產(chǎn)性能的影響并計算其遺傳參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:4級分級法可以較準(zhǔn)確而高效地對暗斑分級,暗斑貫穿于蛋殼的整個礦化層,63周齡矮小暗斑的遺傳力為0.22。選擇56周齡矮小褐殼蛋雞暗斑蛋(4級)和正常蛋(1級)測量蛋品質(zhì)和失水變化,結(jié)果表明暗斑組蛋殼強(qiáng)度和蛋殼厚度顯著高于正常組(P0.05),蛋殼膜厚度顯著低于正常組;兩組雞蛋4周內(nèi)失重沒有顯著差異。對42周齡矮小褐殼蛋雞和50周齡白來航蛋雞蛋殼微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和蛋殼膜物理性質(zhì)研究,在矮小褐殼蛋雞上發(fā)現(xiàn)與上述相同結(jié)果,在白來航蛋雞僅發(fā)現(xiàn)暗斑組蛋殼強(qiáng)度高于正常組;在矮小褐殼蛋雞和白來航蛋雞都發(fā)現(xiàn)暗斑組蛋殼膜最大拉伸力顯著低于正常組,兩個群體在蛋殼氣孔數(shù)量、氣泡孔數(shù)量和面積等蛋殼超微孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)上沒有顯著差異。此外,暗斑組蛋殼膜氨基酸總含量(86.36%)、脯氨酸和賴氨酸含量顯著低于正常組(86.36%)(P0.05)。為了定位與暗斑形成相關(guān)的基因,本試驗使用Affymatrix公司開發(fā)的600K基因芯片對暗斑性狀全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)分析。從1200只500d白來航蛋雞中選擇96只連續(xù)3天產(chǎn)暗斑蛋的個體和96只連續(xù)產(chǎn)正常蛋的個體,質(zhì)量控制、基因填充和群體分層校正后進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析。結(jié)果找到與暗斑顯著相關(guān)的 4 個 SNP 位點(diǎn)(rs318150079,rs15150251,rs313637053 和 rs316987262)和 170 個潛在顯著位點(diǎn),這些位點(diǎn)主要位于2號和19號染色體。通過連鎖分析4個顯著位點(diǎn)對應(yīng)8個基因和3個QTL,170個潛在顯著位點(diǎn)對應(yīng)23個基因。結(jié)合前人研究成果和本試驗結(jié)果,本試驗認(rèn)為蛋殼暗斑形成的根本原因是蛋殼膜韌性較差導(dǎo)致殼內(nèi)水分透過蛋殼膜并積聚在蛋殼,較厚的蛋殼和較高的蛋殼強(qiáng)度加重了暗斑嚴(yán)重程度。綜上所述,本研究衡量了暗斑蛋的度量方法,確定了暗斑存在的位置,首次計算了暗斑蛋的遺傳力(0.22)等遺傳參數(shù);探究了暗斑與正常蛋蛋殼結(jié)構(gòu)、蛋殼膜結(jié)構(gòu),組成成分等,并通過GWAS揭示了可能與暗斑形成有關(guān)的染色體區(qū)域。為進(jìn)一步研究暗斑的形成機(jī)理和分子機(jī)制提供了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Egg shell dark spot is mainly egg content water infiltration and accumulation in the egg shell formation. The dark spots of eggshell were water-printed under natural light, but the translucent color of dark spots was enhanced by LED light penetration. Dark spots widely exist in different strains of laying hens, and greatly affect the beauty of eggs, reduce the commercial value of eggs. It has been reported in the world for 90 years, and has been studied from different angles. However, the basic rules of expression, genetic characteristics, structural differences and formation mechanism are not clear. In this study, (DWL) and (WLL) of low brown shell laying hens and white Laihang laying hens were used as experimental materials to explore the measurement of dark spot characters, basic performance rules and influencing factors, the effect of dark spots on production performance and the calculation of their genetic parameters. The results showed that the 4-level classification method could be used to classify the dark spots accurately and efficiently. The dark spots permeated the whole mineralized layer of the eggshell and the heritability of the low dark spots at 63 weeks old was 0.22. Dark spotted eggs (grade 4) and normal eggs (grade 1) of 56-week-old low brown shell layers were selected to measure the changes of egg quality and water loss. The results showed that the egg shell strength and shell thickness in the dark spot group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P0.05). The thickness of eggshell membrane was significantly lower than that of normal group. There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups within 4 weeks. The microstructure and membrane physical properties of 42-week-old brown-shell and 50-week-old white egg eggshell were studied. The same results were found on the low brown-shell layer. The intensity of egg shell in the dark spot group was higher than that in the normal group. It was found that the maximum extensibility of eggshell membrane in dark spot group was significantly lower than that in normal group. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata, the number and area of vesicular pores between the two populations. In addition, the total amino acid content of eggshell membrane (86.36%), proline and lysine content in dark spot group were significantly lower than those in normal group (86.36%) (P0.05). In order to locate genes associated with dark spot formation, a 600K gene chip developed by Affymatrix Company was used to analyze the whole genome association of dark spot traits. From 1200 white Laihang laying hens for 500 days, 96 individuals with dark macular eggs for 3 consecutive days and 96 individuals with continuous normal eggs were selected. The correlation analysis was carried out after quality control, gene filling and population stratification correction. Results four SNP loci (rs318150079,rs15150251,rs313637053 and rs316987262) and 170 potential salient loci were found, which were mainly located on chromosomes 2 and 19. Linkage analysis was carried out for 8 genes and 3 QTL,170 potential loci corresponding to 23 genes for 4 salient loci. According to the previous research results and the results of this experiment, the root cause of dark spot formation of eggshell is the poor toughness of eggshell membrane, which results in water passing through the eggshell membrane and accumulating in the eggshell. Thicker eggshells and higher eggshell strength aggravate the severity of dark spots. For the first time, the heritability (0.22) and other genetic parameters of dark macula eggs were calculated for the first time. The dark spot and normal egg shell structure, eggshell membrane structure, composition and so on were studied. The chromosome regions which might be related to dark spot formation were revealed by GWAS. It provides a basis for further study on the formation mechanism and molecular mechanism of dark spots.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S831
本文編號：2445491
[Abstract]:Egg shell dark spot is mainly egg content water infiltration and accumulation in the egg shell formation. The dark spots of eggshell were water-printed under natural light, but the translucent color of dark spots was enhanced by LED light penetration. Dark spots widely exist in different strains of laying hens, and greatly affect the beauty of eggs, reduce the commercial value of eggs. It has been reported in the world for 90 years, and has been studied from different angles. However, the basic rules of expression, genetic characteristics, structural differences and formation mechanism are not clear. In this study, (DWL) and (WLL) of low brown shell laying hens and white Laihang laying hens were used as experimental materials to explore the measurement of dark spot characters, basic performance rules and influencing factors, the effect of dark spots on production performance and the calculation of their genetic parameters. The results showed that the 4-level classification method could be used to classify the dark spots accurately and efficiently. The dark spots permeated the whole mineralized layer of the eggshell and the heritability of the low dark spots at 63 weeks old was 0.22. Dark spotted eggs (grade 4) and normal eggs (grade 1) of 56-week-old low brown shell layers were selected to measure the changes of egg quality and water loss. The results showed that the egg shell strength and shell thickness in the dark spot group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P0.05). The thickness of eggshell membrane was significantly lower than that of normal group. There was no significant difference in weight loss between the two groups within 4 weeks. The microstructure and membrane physical properties of 42-week-old brown-shell and 50-week-old white egg eggshell were studied. The same results were found on the low brown-shell layer. The intensity of egg shell in the dark spot group was higher than that in the normal group. It was found that the maximum extensibility of eggshell membrane in dark spot group was significantly lower than that in normal group. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata, the number and area of vesicular pores between the two populations. In addition, the total amino acid content of eggshell membrane (86.36%), proline and lysine content in dark spot group were significantly lower than those in normal group (86.36%) (P0.05). In order to locate genes associated with dark spot formation, a 600K gene chip developed by Affymatrix Company was used to analyze the whole genome association of dark spot traits. From 1200 white Laihang laying hens for 500 days, 96 individuals with dark macular eggs for 3 consecutive days and 96 individuals with continuous normal eggs were selected. The correlation analysis was carried out after quality control, gene filling and population stratification correction. Results four SNP loci (rs318150079,rs15150251,rs313637053 and rs316987262) and 170 potential salient loci were found, which were mainly located on chromosomes 2 and 19. Linkage analysis was carried out for 8 genes and 3 QTL,170 potential loci corresponding to 23 genes for 4 salient loci. According to the previous research results and the results of this experiment, the root cause of dark spot formation of eggshell is the poor toughness of eggshell membrane, which results in water passing through the eggshell membrane and accumulating in the eggshell. Thicker eggshells and higher eggshell strength aggravate the severity of dark spots. For the first time, the heritability (0.22) and other genetic parameters of dark macula eggs were calculated for the first time. The dark spot and normal egg shell structure, eggshell membrane structure, composition and so on were studied. The chromosome regions which might be related to dark spot formation were revealed by GWAS. It provides a basis for further study on the formation mechanism and molecular mechanism of dark spots.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S831
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