紫色達利菊縮合單寧化學結(jié)構(gòu)的鑒定及其對綿羊消化性能影響的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-25 12:46
【摘要】：紫色達利菊體內(nèi)含有高濃度的縮合單寧,具有很強的抗大腸桿菌O157:H7的能力,因此飼喂紫色達利菊為日糧控制反芻動物生產(chǎn)中大腸桿菌O157:H7的水平提供了有效措施。本研究通過4個試驗系統(tǒng)研究了紫色達利菊縮合單寧化學結(jié)構(gòu)的特征以及結(jié)構(gòu)與生物活性的關(guān)系;不同貯藏方式對紫色達利菊縮合單寧含量以及瘤胃和小腸消化的影響;飼喂紫色達利菊對綿羊營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化、健康條件以及后腸微生物區(qū)系的影響,旨在為紫色達利菊縮合單寧在反芻動物生產(chǎn)中的推廣應(yīng)用和作用機制提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.紫色達利菊中縮合單寧的含量和化學結(jié)構(gòu)在不同組織和不同生長期內(nèi)都有變化。在所有生長期內(nèi)花中縮合單寧的含量最多,莖中最少;莖中縮合單寧的含量隨植物的成熟而減少。紫色達利菊縮合單寧主要是由原花青定單寧組成,主要單體是表兒茶素,其次是表沒食子兒茶素。所有生長期內(nèi)葉中原花青定單寧的含量均高于莖和花。莖中縮合單寧的聚合度最高。隨著植物的成熟,莖中原花青定單寧的含量逐漸降低,縮合單寧的聚合度則逐漸增大。葉中縮合單寧的蛋白結(jié)合能力強于莖和花;而葉中縮合單寧在早花期的蛋白結(jié)合能力最高。2.青貯和曬制干草顯著增加了紫色達利菊中結(jié)合縮合單寧的含量。干草紫色達利菊降低了粗蛋白和粗纖維的瘤胃降解率,增加了粗蛋白的小腸消化率。相反,青貯紫色達利菊增加了粗蛋白的瘤胃降解率而降低了粗蛋白的小腸消化率,對粗纖維的瘤胃降解率沒有影響。青貯紫色達利菊中的結(jié)合縮合單寧降低了干物質(zhì)和粗蛋白的瘤胃降解率,但對粗纖維的瘤胃降解率和干物質(zhì)以及粗蛋白的小腸消化率沒有影響。3.飼喂紫花苜蓿-紫色達利菊混合日糧(縮合單寧攝入量為36g kg~（-1）干物質(zhì))對綿羊飼料采食量、有機物和中性洗滌纖維的消化率沒有影響,但是降低了粗蛋白消化率。相比單獨飼喂紫花苜蓿有效降低了綿羊糞中大腸桿菌O157:H7的排泄量,同時增強了綿羊血清抗氧化能力。4.通過454焦磷酸測序技術(shù)對綿羊后腸微生物區(qū)系進行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)紫色達利菊縮合單寧在日糧中含量為36 g kg~（-1）干物質(zhì)時盡管改變了一些特定的細菌類群,但對綿羊后腸微生物區(qū)系幾乎沒有影響。綜上所述,本研究表明紫色達利菊能改善反芻動物粗蛋白利用率和動物健康狀況,具有推廣價值。并為增強反芻動物畜產(chǎn)品安全提供了一種有效的收獲前措施。
[Abstract]:High concentration of condensed tannin was found in the body of Thalanthemum purpurea, which had strong ability to resist Escherichia coli O157:H7, so feeding purple Dalium provided effective measures to control the level of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminant production. In this study, the chemical structure and the relationship between the structure and bioactivity of the condensed tannin were studied by four experimental systems, and the effects of different storage methods on the content of the condensed tannin and the digestion of rumen and small intestine were also studied. In order to provide theoretical basis for the popularization and application of condensed tannin in ruminant production and the mechanism of its action, the effects of feeding purple Dalium on nutrient digestion, health conditions and microflora of hindgut in sheep were studied. The main results are as follows: 1. The content and chemical structure of condensed tannin in purple Dalium changed in different tissues and different growth stages. The content of condensed tannin was the highest in all growth stages and the least in stem, and the content of condensed tannin in stem decreased with the maturation of plant. The condensed tannin is mainly composed of the original flower green order tannin, the main monomer is epicatechin, and the next is epigallocatechin. The content of procyanidin in inner leaves of all growing period was higher than that in stems and flowers. The degree of polymerization of condensed tannins in stems was the highest. With the maturation of plants, the content of procyanidin in stems decreased gradually, and the degree of polymerization of condensed tannins increased gradually. The protein binding ability of condensed tannin in leaves was stronger than that in stems and flowers, while the protein binding ability of condensed tannins in leaves was the highest at early flowering. 2. Silage and sundry significantly increased the content of condensed tannins in purple dahlieju. The degradation rate of crude protein and crude fiber in rumen was decreased and the digestibility of small intestine of crude protein was increased. On the contrary, silage purple Dalium increased the rumen degradation rate of crude protein, decreased the small intestine digestibility of crude protein, and had no effect on the rumen degradation rate of crude fiber. The combined tannin in silage purple Dalium decreased the rumen degradation rate of dry matter and crude protein, but had no effect on the rumen degradation rate of crude fiber and dry matter and the digestibility of small intestine of crude protein. The diet fed alfalfa and purple daliju (intake of condensed tannin was 36g kg~ (-1) dry matter) had no effect on feed intake, organic matter and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, but decreased the digestibility of crude protein. Compared with alfalfa fed alone, the excretion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in sheep feces was decreased, and the antioxidant capacity of sheep serum was increased. The microflora of sheep hindgut was studied by 454 pyrosequencing technique. It was found that the concentration of 36 g kg~ (-1) of tannin in diet changed some specific bacterial groups. But it had little effect on the microflora of sheep hindgut. To sum up, this study shows that purple Dalium can improve the utilization rate of crude protein and health status of ruminants, which is worth popularizing. It also provides an effective pre-harvest measure for enhancing the safety of ruminant animal products.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S826.5
，
本文編號：2293732
[Abstract]:High concentration of condensed tannin was found in the body of Thalanthemum purpurea, which had strong ability to resist Escherichia coli O157:H7, so feeding purple Dalium provided effective measures to control the level of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminant production. In this study, the chemical structure and the relationship between the structure and bioactivity of the condensed tannin were studied by four experimental systems, and the effects of different storage methods on the content of the condensed tannin and the digestion of rumen and small intestine were also studied. In order to provide theoretical basis for the popularization and application of condensed tannin in ruminant production and the mechanism of its action, the effects of feeding purple Dalium on nutrient digestion, health conditions and microflora of hindgut in sheep were studied. The main results are as follows: 1. The content and chemical structure of condensed tannin in purple Dalium changed in different tissues and different growth stages. The content of condensed tannin was the highest in all growth stages and the least in stem, and the content of condensed tannin in stem decreased with the maturation of plant. The condensed tannin is mainly composed of the original flower green order tannin, the main monomer is epicatechin, and the next is epigallocatechin. The content of procyanidin in inner leaves of all growing period was higher than that in stems and flowers. The degree of polymerization of condensed tannins in stems was the highest. With the maturation of plants, the content of procyanidin in stems decreased gradually, and the degree of polymerization of condensed tannins increased gradually. The protein binding ability of condensed tannin in leaves was stronger than that in stems and flowers, while the protein binding ability of condensed tannins in leaves was the highest at early flowering. 2. Silage and sundry significantly increased the content of condensed tannins in purple dahlieju. The degradation rate of crude protein and crude fiber in rumen was decreased and the digestibility of small intestine of crude protein was increased. On the contrary, silage purple Dalium increased the rumen degradation rate of crude protein, decreased the small intestine digestibility of crude protein, and had no effect on the rumen degradation rate of crude fiber. The combined tannin in silage purple Dalium decreased the rumen degradation rate of dry matter and crude protein, but had no effect on the rumen degradation rate of crude fiber and dry matter and the digestibility of small intestine of crude protein. The diet fed alfalfa and purple daliju (intake of condensed tannin was 36g kg~ (-1) dry matter) had no effect on feed intake, organic matter and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, but decreased the digestibility of crude protein. Compared with alfalfa fed alone, the excretion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in sheep feces was decreased, and the antioxidant capacity of sheep serum was increased. The microflora of sheep hindgut was studied by 454 pyrosequencing technique. It was found that the concentration of 36 g kg~ (-1) of tannin in diet changed some specific bacterial groups. But it had little effect on the microflora of sheep hindgut. To sum up, this study shows that purple Dalium can improve the utilization rate of crude protein and health status of ruminants, which is worth popularizing. It also provides an effective pre-harvest measure for enhancing the safety of ruminant animal products.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S826.5
，
本文編號：2293732
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