【摘要】：本論文以新型吡唑酰胺類殺菌劑氟唑菌苯胺作為研究對(duì)象,系統(tǒng)地開展了藥劑在主要環(huán)境介質(zhì)水體、土壤和植物中降解與遷移轉(zhuǎn)化等環(huán)境行為,為其環(huán)境安全性評(píng)價(jià)提供詳實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)和科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過系列的相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,論文獲得了以下主要結(jié)果:采用優(yōu)化后QuEChERS方法,建立了土壤中氟唑菌苯胺的UPLC-MS/MS檢測(cè)方法,檢出限為0.130μg/kg,添加回收率為87.8%-109.5%;采用固相萃取法,建立了水體中氟唑菌苯胺的UPLC-MS/MS檢測(cè)方法,檢出限為0.0033 μg/L,添加回收率為70.6%-95.6%。建立的檢測(cè)方法適用于檢測(cè)土壤和水體中的氟唑菌苯胺殘留,同時(shí)適用于氟唑菌苯胺在土壤和水體中降解行為的研究。氟唑菌苯胺水降解行為研究結(jié)果表明,氟唑菌苯胺在酸性和中性條件下比較穩(wěn)定,在堿性條件下水解速率較快,在pH3、pH7和pH11緩沖液中的水解半衰期分別為449.8 d、392.7d和297 d;在25℃、35 ℃和50 ℃條件下的水解率沒有顯著性差異,其降解半衰期分別為383.8 d、389.5 d 和 417.3 d。氟唑菌苯胺光降解行為研究結(jié)果表明,氟唑菌苯胺在蒸餾水、自來水和河水中的光解半衰期分別為221.0 h、165.9 h和167.3 h;在不同pH值(3,7,11)的緩沖液中的光解半衰期分別為181.8h、159.9h和180.4h;光敏劑核黃素、雙氧水、三價(jià)鐵離子能促進(jìn)氟唑菌苯胺的光解;在自然條件下,氟唑菌苯胺在太陽光條件下的光解半衰期為49.7 d,光解動(dòng)態(tài)符合經(jīng)典一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。擬合氟唑菌苯胺在3種供試土壤中的吸附等溫線,其在北京土壤、黑龍江土壤和云南土壤中的吸附常數(shù)Kf-ads分別為28.49、40.44和12.92。土壤對(duì)氟唑菌苯胺吸附能力的大小為黑龍江土壤北京土壤云南土壤。藥劑在北京土壤和黑龍江土壤中的吸附等溫線屬于L型等溫線;在云南土壤中的吸附等溫線屬于S型等溫線;藥劑在3種土壤中的吸附自由能ΔG范圍為14.47～18.64 KJ/mol,其在土壤中的吸附屬于物理吸附過程。氟唑菌苯胺在土壤中降解行為研究結(jié)果表明,氟唑菌苯胺在北京土壤、黑龍江土壤和云南土壤中的降解半衰期分別為71.5 d、59.2 d和101.9 d,土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)(有機(jī)碳)含量是影響氟唑菌苯胺在土壤中降解的關(guān)鍵因子;藥劑在供試北京土壤水土比1:5(田間持水量)條件下的降解速率最快,淹水條件次之,而在土壤水土比1:10條件下的降解速率最慢;藥劑在土壤中的降解速率隨著溫度的升高而加快;氟唑菌苯胺在滅菌和非滅菌土壤中降解速率存在較大的差異。氟唑菌苯胺在小麥植株中吸收傳導(dǎo)行為研究結(jié)果表明,根部施藥,能快速被小麥植株吸收,并快速向莖葉部傳導(dǎo);葉部單葉片施藥,能快速被葉片吸收,并可以跨葉傳導(dǎo)至其他葉片并累積,進(jìn)而在莖部和根部累積。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a new pyrazolamide fungicidal agent, fluazolium aniline, was used as the research object, and the environmental behaviors such as degradation, migration and transformation of fungicides in the main environmental media water, soil and plants were systematically carried out. To provide detailed data and scientific basis for environmental safety evaluation. Through a series of related experimental studies, the following main results were obtained: the UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of fluazolium aniline in soil was established by optimized QuEChERS method, the detection limit was 0.130 渭 g / kg, the recovery rate was 87.8% -109.5%, and the solid phase extraction method was used. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of fluazolium aniline in water was established. The detection limit was 0.0033 渭 g / L and the recovery rate was 70.6- 95.6%. The established method is suitable for the detection of fluazolium aniline residues in soil and water, and for the study of the degradation behavior of fluazolium aniline in soil and water. The results showed that the aniline was stable in acidic and neutral conditions, and the hydrolysis rate was faster in alkaline condition. The hydrolysis half-life in pH3,pH7 and pH11 buffer solution was 449.8 d ~ 392.7 d and 297d, respectively, but there was no significant difference in hydrolysis rate at 25 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2293554