【摘要】：裸燕麥為我國主栽燕麥種,具有降脂降糖功能,近年來消費(fèi)量一直處于快速增長狀態(tài)。硒為哺乳動(dòng)物必需痕量元素,具有顯著抗氧化功能。我國多數(shù)裸燕麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)缺硒。本研究于2012-2014年期間在河北省張家口壩上地區(qū)及國家燕麥?zhǔn)w麥產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系11個(gè)試驗(yàn)站,對(duì)裸燕麥硒肥生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效應(yīng)及硒吸收機(jī)理進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,旨在闡明硒肥對(duì)裸燕麥生產(chǎn)的影響,為富硒燕麥生產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)措施。研究得出以下結(jié)論：1、裸燕麥基因型對(duì)硒吸收率存在顯著影響(P0.05)。兩年籽粒硒含量分別比對(duì)照增加677.8%-1248.9%和707.4%-2466.7%。硒吸收能力較強(qiáng)的品種有內(nèi)燕5號(hào)、晉燕5號(hào)、壩莜1號(hào),兩年噴施硒肥分別增加677.8%、953.6%、864.6%和707.4%、792.4%、1384.3%；中等硒吸收能力品種有花早2號(hào)、晉燕13號(hào),兩年噴施硒肥分別增加1161.7%、1064.0%和953.4%、1580.8%；2、噴施不同量硒肥(6水平)均顯著增加了壩莜1號(hào)籽粒硒含量(P0.05),2013、2014年子粒硒含量比對(duì)照分別高528.6%-1092.9%和654.5%-1258.2%；兩年均以處理C5(三葉期、拔節(jié)期兩次噴施1號(hào)硒肥2100g·hm-2,抽穗期和成熟期前十天左右噴施2號(hào)硒肥8400 g·hm-2)子粒硒含量最高,分別為83.5μg.kg-1、74.7μg·kg-1；噴施硒肥可顯著提高裸燕麥子粒粗蛋白含量(P0.05)。兩年分別比對(duì)照高10.1%-18.9%,2.6%-12.7%。3、增施氮肥可增強(qiáng)籽粒對(duì)硒的吸收。兩年6個(gè)施N量處理比對(duì)照籽粒硒含量分別高7.3%-31.3%、4.2%-19.1%；兩年均為N4處理(三葉期、拔節(jié)期分別施N180kg·hm2、210kg·hm-2,三葉期和拔節(jié)期噴施1號(hào)硒肥1500 g·hm-2,抽穗期和成熟期前十天左右噴施2號(hào)硒肥6000 g·hm-2)籽粒硒含量最高(P0.05),分別為62.9μg·kg-1、53.5μg·kg-1。4、施用生物有機(jī)肥、保水劑條件下,噴施硒肥處理對(duì)籽粒硒含量增加顯著(P0.05)。兩年3處理(T3：葉面硒肥處理、T4：保水劑+葉面硒肥、T5：生物有機(jī)肥+葉面硒肥)分別比對(duì)照籽粒硒含量高620.8%,622.1%,651.9%和1065.2%,1034.8%,993.5%。施用生物有機(jī)肥能夠顯著提高穗粒數(shù)和子籽粒產(chǎn)量(P0.05)。T2、T5分別比對(duì)照穗粒數(shù)提高6.8%和9.5%,籽粒產(chǎn)量分別提高17.2%和20.7%,籽粒粗蛋白含量分別提高27.4%,29.8%和10.6%,12.2%。5、不同生境條件下噴施硒肥可顯著增加白燕2號(hào)籽粒硒含量(P0.05),兩年增幅范圍分別為26.8%-100.0%、42.0%-93.3%。裸燕麥在不同生境下對(duì)硒的累積不同,2012年噴施硒肥和不噴施硒肥條件下均為甘肅定西籽粒硒含量最高,分別為153.0μg·kg-1和208.9gg·kg-1。2013年噴施硒肥和不噴施硒肥條件下均為寧夏固原的籽粒硒含量最高,分別為118.1μg-kg-1和203.4μg·kg-1。6、基施硒肥對(duì)裸燕麥小穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)、穗粒重有顯著增加作用(P0.05)。隨著施量增加,小穗數(shù)呈現(xiàn)先增加后降低趨勢。7、不基施硒肥裸燕麥根系硒含量高于莖與葉,隨生長發(fā)育根部硒濃度先緩慢增長后快速增長,莖、葉硒含量表現(xiàn)出緩慢下降趨勢；基施硒肥裸燕麥根和葉硒積累與不施肥條件下變化規(guī)律相似。而莖硒累積變化隨生育期呈現(xiàn)緩慢增長-快速下降-緩慢下降的倒S型曲線變化規(guī)律。8、基施硒肥顯著提高裸燕麥不同時(shí)期各器官硒濃度(P0.05),試驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照分蘗期、拔節(jié)期各器官硒濃度為根莖葉；抽穗期為根葉莖；成熟期為根籽粒葉莖,呈兩極積聚特征。
[Abstract]:The naked oats are the main oat species of our country, have the function of reducing blood lipid and reducing blood sugar, and the consumption has been in the fast-growing state in recent years. Selenium is a necessary trace element in mammals and has a significant anti-oxidation function. There is a shortage of selenium in the main production areas of most nude oats in our country. This study was conducted in 11 experimental stations in Zhangjiakou Dam of Hebei Province and 11 experimental stations in the national oat buckwheat industry in 2012-2014. The technical effect of selenium fertilizer production and the mechanism of selenium absorption were studied in order to clarify the effect of selenium fertilizer on the production of naked oats. It provides theoretical basis and technical measures for the production of selenium-rich oat. The results showed that the genotype of naked oats had a significant effect on the selenium absorption rate (P0.05). The grain selenium content in two years increased by 677. 8%-124.8%-124.8% and 707. 4%-2466. 7%, respectively. Among the varieties with strong selenium absorption capacity, there were No. 5, No. 5 Jinyan No. 5 and No. 1 of dam No. 1. The two-year spraying of selenium fertilizer increased by 677. 8%, 95.3. 6%, 864. 6% and 707. 4%, 792. 4%, 1384. 3% respectively. Medium selenium absorption capacity was 2, Jinyan No. 13, and the two-year spraying of selenium fertilizer increased 1161. 7%, respectively. The content of selenium (P 0.05), selenium content in the grain of dam No. 1 was significantly increased (P0.05). In 2013, the selenium content was 52.8% -1092. 9% and 654. 5% -1258. 2% respectively in 2013 and 2014. The two years were treated with C5 (three-leaf stage), and one selenium fertilizer (2100g 路 hm-2) was sprayed twice. The content of selenium (8400g 路 hm -2) of selenium fertilizer was 8400g 路 hm -2) at heading stage and mature stage (8400g 路 hm -2), the content of selenium was 83. 5 ug 路 kg-1, 74. 7 ug 路 kg-1 respectively, and the content of crude protein of naked oats was significantly increased by spraying selenium fertilizer (P0.05). 2. 1%-18. 9%, 2.6%-12. 7% higher than CK in two years. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the absorption of selenium. Compared with the control grain, the content of selenium in six treatments was 7. 3% -31. 3%, 4. 2% -19. 1% higher than that of the control grain, respectively. The two years were N4 treatments (three-leaf period, the pulling-out period was N180kg 路 hm ~ 2, 210kg 路 hm-2, the three-leaf period and the pulling-out period), and the selenium fertilizer was sprayed with 1500 g 路 hm -2, respectively. The content of selenium (P0.05) was the highest (P0.05). The content of selenium was increased significantly (P0.05). 3 treatments (T3: leaf surface selenium fertilizer treatment, T4: water retention agent + leaf selenium fertilizer, T5: bio-organic fertilizer + leaf selenium fertilizer) were 66.2%, 62.2%, 10.8% and 3993.5% respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly improve the grain number and seed yield (P0.05). The yield of grain was increased by 6.8% and 9.5%, respectively. The grain yield was increased by 17. 2% and 20.7%, respectively. The crude protein content of grain increased by 27. 4%, 29. 8% and 10.6%, 12.2%, respectively. The grain selenium content of white Yan 2 was significantly increased under different habitat conditions (P0.05). The two-year increase range was 26. 8%-100. 0%, 42. 0%-93.3%, respectively. The selenium content of naked oats was different under different habitats, and the selenium content was 153. 0 ug 路 kg-1 and 208. 983 路 kg-1, respectively. The number of spikelet, spike number and grain weight of naked oats were significantly increased (P0.05). The selenium content of naked oat root was higher than that of stem and leaf, and the content of selenium in stems and leaves showed a slow decrease with the increase of selenium concentration in the root of growth and development. The accumulation of selenium in bare oats and leaf selenium was similar to that of non-fertilization. The changes of selenium accumulation in stem and selenium increased slowly along with the growth period-rapid descent-slow descent of the inverted S-type curve. The selenium concentration in different organs of bare oats was significantly increased (P <0.05). The heading stage is the stem of the root, and the mature stage is the leaf stem of the root, and is characterized by two poles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S512.6

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