雙季稻區(qū)“稻萍”共生系統(tǒng)固碳減排效應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-25 07:23
【摘要】：水稻可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)對保障我國糧食安全具有十分重要的作用。稻田是溫室氣體排放的重要源,在全球溫室氣體排放中占有重要份額。水稻集約化種植,化肥過量施用及施肥結(jié)構(gòu)不合理均增加稻田溫室氣體排放。"稻萍"共生在我國具有悠久的歷史,是高效生態(tài)稻作模式。本研究以我國南方雙季稻種植系統(tǒng)為研究對象,在早、晚稻行間放養(yǎng)紅萍,構(gòu)建"稻萍"共生復(fù)合系統(tǒng),通過4年田間定位試驗(yàn),研究"稻萍"共生對稻田土壤理化性質(zhì)、水稻產(chǎn)量、CH4和N2O排放以及土壤有機(jī)碳貯量的影響;利用盆栽試驗(yàn)探索養(yǎng)萍影響溫室氣體排放的機(jī)理。主要結(jié)論如下:1.在雙季稻生產(chǎn)中,"稻萍"共生可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度、土壤有機(jī)碳和銨態(tài)氮含量,具有培肥地力作用。養(yǎng)萍4年后,"稻萍"共生不施氮和"稻萍"共生減半施氮處理土壤容重分別降低6.3%和7.7%,孔隙度增加5.7%和7.0%;"稻萍"共生不施氮和"稻萍"共生減半施氮處理土壤有機(jī)碳較試驗(yàn)前分別增加了 8.1%和12.2%。"稻萍"共生減半施氮處理土壤的銨態(tài)氮和全氮含量逐漸增加,與常規(guī)稻作習(xí)慣施氮處理的差異不顯著。2.與常規(guī)稻作相比,"稻萍"共生增加稻谷產(chǎn)量,早稻與晚稻產(chǎn)量分別增加4.7%-8.9%和2.3%-7.4%,"稻萍"共生雙季稻產(chǎn)量連續(xù)4年在12549.8~(-1)3006.6 kg ha~(-1)范圍內(nèi),較常規(guī)稻作增產(chǎn)3.2%-8.0%。在不同施氮水平下,"稻萍"共生較常規(guī)稻作均表現(xiàn)出增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)。"稻萍"共生提高早稻和晚稻產(chǎn)量的原因是增加了每穗粒數(shù)。與常規(guī)稻作相比,早稻和晚稻季"稻萍"共生每穗粒數(shù)分別增加 3.3%~(-1)5.9%和 2.8%~(-1)5.2%。3.連續(xù)3年稻田CH4和N2O排放結(jié)果表明:與常規(guī)稻作相比,在不同施氮水平下,"稻萍"共生均顯著減少早稻季和晚稻季CH4排放(P0.05),早稻季和晚稻季CH4排放分別減少21.2%-49.9%和19.2%-37.3%;"稻萍"共生較常規(guī)稻作顯著增加早、晚稻季N2O排放量,早稻季增加10.5%-63.8%,晚稻季增加14.5%-62.3%;整個雙季稻生長期間全球增溫潛勢(GWP)計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,CH4排放貢獻(xiàn)了 87.9%-98.7%的GWP。"稻萍"共生減半施氮處理的溫室氣體排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI)較常規(guī)稻作習(xí)慣施氮處理降低了 14.3%-20.6%。4.盆栽試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明早稻季和晚稻季CH4排放通量與表面水中溶解氧含量及土壤氧化還原電位呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01),與土壤pH值呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。養(yǎng)萍處理增加了表面水中溶解氧含量,提高土壤氧化還原電位和降低土壤pH值,進(jìn)而減少CH4排放。其中,早稻季,養(yǎng)萍處理表面水中溶解氧含量增加30.64%-34.17%,土壤氧化還原電位提高19.8%-31.2%,土壤pH值降低0.25%-2.18%;晚稻季,養(yǎng)萍處理表面水中溶解氧含量增加44.57%-60.23%,土壤氧化還原電位提高20.6%-29.6%,土壤pH值降低0.41%~(-1).13%。5.應(yīng)用碳足跡-生命周期分析法對"稻萍"共生系統(tǒng)溫室氣體排放清單進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明:稻萍"共生減少水稻生產(chǎn)過程中農(nóng)資投入,早稻季和晚稻季農(nóng)資投入引起的間接碳排放量分別為425.59 和 405.30 kg CO2-eq ha~(-1),較常規(guī)稻作減少 13.19 和 13.20 kg CO2-eq ha~(-1)。"稻萍"共生的稻田土壤有機(jī)碳固定速率高于常規(guī)稻作。其中"稻萍"共生減半施氮處理有機(jī)碳固定速率最高,為3148.9kgCO2-eq ha~(-1)a~(-1)。從碳足跡分析結(jié)果可以看出,在雙季稻生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中,"稻萍"共生減半施氮處理的碳足跡值最低,為0.57 kg CO2-eq kg~(-1) grain yield a~(-1),較常規(guī)稻作習(xí)慣性施氮減少37.8%,是既能保障水稻產(chǎn)量,又能達(dá)到減排與減氮目標(biāo)的高效生態(tài)種植模式。
[Abstract]:Sustainable rice production plays an important role in ensuring China's food security. Paddy field is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and occupies an important share in global greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, Azolla was raised between rows of early and late rice to construct a symbiotic rice-azolla complex system. The effects of Azolla symbiosis on the physicochemical properties of paddy soil, rice yield, CH4 and N2O emissions and soil organic carbon storage were studied by four-year field experiment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. In double-cropping rice production, Azolla symbiosis can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, soil organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen content, and has the effect of fertilizing soil fertility. Soil bulk density decreased by 6.3% and 7.7%, soil porosity increased by 5.7% and 7.0%, and soil organic carbon increased by 8.1% and 12.2% respectively under the symbiotic nitrogen-free and symbiotic Nitrogen-Reducing treatments of "azolla" and "azolla". The content of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen increased gradually under the symbiotic Nitrogen-Reducing treatments of "azolla" and the conventional nitrogen-applying treatments. Compared with conventional rice, the yield of early rice and late rice increased by 4.7% - 8.9% and 2.3% - 7.4%, respectively. The yield of "azolla" symbiotic double cropping rice increased by 3.2% - 8.0% in the range of 12549.8 ~(- 1) 3006.6 kg ha ~(- 1) for four consecutive years. Compared with conventional rice, the number of grains per panicle in early rice and late rice increased by 3.3%~(-1) 5.9% and 2.8%~(-1) 5.2% respectively. 3. The results of CH4 and N2O emission from rice fields for three consecutive years showed that compared with conventional rice, the number of grains per panicle increased by 3.3%~(-1) 5.9% and 2.8%~(-1) 5.2% respectively. The CH4 emission of early rice and late rice decreased by 21.2% - 49.9% and 19.2% - 37.3% in early rice and late rice, respectively; the N2O emission of late rice increased by 10.5% - 63.8% and 14.5% - 62.3% in early rice and late rice, respectively; and the global warming during the whole double rice growing period increased by 14.5% - 62.3%. The results of GWP calculation showed that CH4 emission contributed 87.9% - 98.7% of GWP. GHGI of the symbiotic halving nitrogen treatment of Azolla decreased by 14.3% - 20.6% compared with conventional nitrogen treatment. 4. Pot experiment showed that CH4 emission flux in early rice and late rice season, dissolved oxygen content in surface water and soil oxidation returned. There was a very significant negative correlation (P 0.01) between the original potential and soil pH (P 0.01). The treatment of duckweed increased the dissolved oxygen content in surface water, increased the soil redox potential and decreased the soil pH value, thereby reducing CH4 emissions. In early rice season, the treatment of duckweed increased the dissolved oxygen content in surface water by 30.64% - 34.17%, and soil pH increased. Redox potential increased by 19.8% - 31.2%, soil pH value decreased by 0.25% - 2.18%; dissolved oxygen content increased by 44.57% - 60.23%, soil oxidation-reduction potential increased by 20.6% - 29.6%, soil pH value decreased by 0.41% - 1.13% in late rice season. Carbon footprint-life cycle analysis was applied to the greenhouse gas emission inventory of "rice-duckweed" symbiotic system. The row analysis showed that the indirect carbon emissions from rice production were 425.59 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1) and 405.30 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1), 13.19 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1) and 13.20 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1). Compared with conventional rice, the organic carbon fixation rate of rice-azolla symbiotic rice was higher than that of conventional rice. Rice cultivation. Among them, the highest rate of organic carbon fixation was 3148.9 kg CO2-eq HA-1 a-1. The results of carbon footprint analysis showed that in double cropping rice production system, the lowest carbon footprint was 0.57 kg CO2-eq kg-1 grain yield a-1, which was higher than that of conventional rice. The reduction of 37.8% is an efficient ecological planting mode which can not only guarantee rice yield, but also achieve the goal of reducing emission and nitrogen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
本文編號：2202158
[Abstract]:Sustainable rice production plays an important role in ensuring China's food security. Paddy field is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and occupies an important share in global greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, Azolla was raised between rows of early and late rice to construct a symbiotic rice-azolla complex system. The effects of Azolla symbiosis on the physicochemical properties of paddy soil, rice yield, CH4 and N2O emissions and soil organic carbon storage were studied by four-year field experiment. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. In double-cropping rice production, Azolla symbiosis can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, soil organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen content, and has the effect of fertilizing soil fertility. Soil bulk density decreased by 6.3% and 7.7%, soil porosity increased by 5.7% and 7.0%, and soil organic carbon increased by 8.1% and 12.2% respectively under the symbiotic nitrogen-free and symbiotic Nitrogen-Reducing treatments of "azolla" and "azolla". The content of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen increased gradually under the symbiotic Nitrogen-Reducing treatments of "azolla" and the conventional nitrogen-applying treatments. Compared with conventional rice, the yield of early rice and late rice increased by 4.7% - 8.9% and 2.3% - 7.4%, respectively. The yield of "azolla" symbiotic double cropping rice increased by 3.2% - 8.0% in the range of 12549.8 ~(- 1) 3006.6 kg ha ~(- 1) for four consecutive years. Compared with conventional rice, the number of grains per panicle in early rice and late rice increased by 3.3%~(-1) 5.9% and 2.8%~(-1) 5.2% respectively. 3. The results of CH4 and N2O emission from rice fields for three consecutive years showed that compared with conventional rice, the number of grains per panicle increased by 3.3%~(-1) 5.9% and 2.8%~(-1) 5.2% respectively. The CH4 emission of early rice and late rice decreased by 21.2% - 49.9% and 19.2% - 37.3% in early rice and late rice, respectively; the N2O emission of late rice increased by 10.5% - 63.8% and 14.5% - 62.3% in early rice and late rice, respectively; and the global warming during the whole double rice growing period increased by 14.5% - 62.3%. The results of GWP calculation showed that CH4 emission contributed 87.9% - 98.7% of GWP. GHGI of the symbiotic halving nitrogen treatment of Azolla decreased by 14.3% - 20.6% compared with conventional nitrogen treatment. 4. Pot experiment showed that CH4 emission flux in early rice and late rice season, dissolved oxygen content in surface water and soil oxidation returned. There was a very significant negative correlation (P 0.01) between the original potential and soil pH (P 0.01). The treatment of duckweed increased the dissolved oxygen content in surface water, increased the soil redox potential and decreased the soil pH value, thereby reducing CH4 emissions. In early rice season, the treatment of duckweed increased the dissolved oxygen content in surface water by 30.64% - 34.17%, and soil pH increased. Redox potential increased by 19.8% - 31.2%, soil pH value decreased by 0.25% - 2.18%; dissolved oxygen content increased by 44.57% - 60.23%, soil oxidation-reduction potential increased by 20.6% - 29.6%, soil pH value decreased by 0.41% - 1.13% in late rice season. Carbon footprint-life cycle analysis was applied to the greenhouse gas emission inventory of "rice-duckweed" symbiotic system. The row analysis showed that the indirect carbon emissions from rice production were 425.59 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1) and 405.30 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1), 13.19 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1) and 13.20 kg CO2-eq-ha~(-1). Compared with conventional rice, the organic carbon fixation rate of rice-azolla symbiotic rice was higher than that of conventional rice. Rice cultivation. Among them, the highest rate of organic carbon fixation was 3148.9 kg CO2-eq HA-1 a-1. The results of carbon footprint analysis showed that in double cropping rice production system, the lowest carbon footprint was 0.57 kg CO2-eq kg-1 grain yield a-1, which was higher than that of conventional rice. The reduction of 37.8% is an efficient ecological planting mode which can not only guarantee rice yield, but also achieve the goal of reducing emission and nitrogen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
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