【摘要】：以四種不同食性的溫水性魚類草魚Ctenopharyngodonidella、銀鯽Carassius auratus gibelio、青魚 Mylopharyngodonpiceus 和大 口 黑鱸 Micropterus salmoides為研究對(duì)象,分析了捕撈應(yīng)激后魚類下丘腦-垂體-腎間組織軸(Hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis,HPI axis)、血漿和肝臟生理指標(biāo)以及肝臟糖代謝酶活性的變化,并探討了魚類種類及食性、血漿葡萄糖水平和營(yíng)養(yǎng)史(饑餓或正常攝食)對(duì)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的影響。主要研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下:1、捕撈應(yīng)激對(duì)草魚HPI軸的影響:采用同源克隆方法獲得草魚HPI軸關(guān)鍵基因,包括促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素釋放因子(Corticotropin releasing factor,CRF)、急性固醇調(diào)節(jié)蛋白(Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,StAR)、11β-羥化酶(11β-hydroxylase,CYP11C1)和糖皮質(zhì)激素受體(Glucocorticoidreceptor,GR)部分cDNAs序列:CRF部分片段長(zhǎng)209 bp,編碼69個(gè)氨基酸;StAR部分片段長(zhǎng)314bp,編碼104個(gè)氨基酸;CYP11C1部分片段長(zhǎng)347bp,編碼115個(gè)氨基酸;GR部分片段長(zhǎng)259 bp,編碼85個(gè)氨基酸。草魚CRF、StAR、CYP11C1和GR與其它已知物種對(duì)應(yīng)氨基酸序列的同源性分別為69%-99%、73%-86%、73%-89%和86%-98%。檢測(cè)草魚捕撈應(yīng)激后1 h時(shí)下丘腦CRF、腎臟StAR和CYP11C1、腦垂體阿黑皮素原(Proopiomelanocortin,POMC)和肝臟 GRmRNA水平。結(jié)果顯示應(yīng)激后1 h時(shí)草魚下丘腦CRF、腎臟StAR和肝臟GR mRNA表達(dá)水平較應(yīng)激前顯著升高(P0.05),而腎臟CYP11C1和腦垂體POMC mRNA表達(dá)量與應(yīng)激前相比無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。2、捕撈應(yīng)激后草魚血漿生理指標(biāo)、肝糖原含量及肝臟糖代謝酶活性的變化:測(cè)定草魚在應(yīng)激后5min、30min、1h、4h和24h血漿皮質(zhì)醇、葡萄糖和乳酸水平、肝臟糖原含量以及肝臟磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,PEPCK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(Glucose-6-phosphatase,G6Pase)、已糖激酶(Hexoxinase,HK)和丙酮酸激酶(Pyruvate kinase,PK)活性。結(jié)果顯示:與應(yīng)激前Oh(對(duì)照組)相比,血漿皮質(zhì)醇水平在應(yīng)激后5 min顯著升高(P0.05),在1 h達(dá)到最高值(P0.05)。血漿葡萄糖和乳酸水平在應(yīng)激后30 min顯著升高(P0.05),在1 h升至最高(P0.05)。應(yīng)激后1 h肝臟糖原含量顯著降低(P0.05),在24 h恢復(fù)至應(yīng)激前的水平(P0.05)。應(yīng)激后1 h肝臟PEPCK活性顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05);應(yīng)激后30 min肝臟G6Pase活性顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。3.1、捕撈應(yīng)激對(duì)草魚(草食性魚類)、銀鯽(雜食性魚類)和青魚(肉食性魚類)血漿皮質(zhì)醇、葡萄糖和乳酸濃度、肝糖原含量以及肝臟HK和PK活性的影響:結(jié)果顯示草魚、銀鯽和青魚捕撈后血漿皮質(zhì)醇、葡萄糖和乳酸濃度均顯著升高(P0.05);草魚和青魚捕撈后2h時(shí)肝糖原含量呈下降趨勢(shì)(P0.05),但銀鯽捕撈前、后肝糖原含量未出現(xiàn)顯著變化(P0.05);捕撈前、后青魚血糖濃度顯著高于草魚和銀鯽(P0.05)。銀鯽肝糖原含量顯著高于草魚和青魚(P0.05),其捕撈后血漿葡萄糖和乳酸濃度增加幅度較小。草魚和銀鯽捕撈后肝臟HK和PK酶活性未發(fā)生顯著變化(P0.05),青魚捕撈后2h時(shí)HK酶活性顯著下降(P0.05)。3.2、血漿葡萄糖水平對(duì)草魚血漿和腦生理指標(biāo)及肝臟糖代謝應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的影響:對(duì)草魚按濃度0、0.2、0.5和1.0 mg/g體重(Body mass,BM)分別腹腔注射葡萄糖溶液(命名為0G、0.2G、0.5G和1G組)。注射后1h進(jìn)行捕撈應(yīng)激(命名為0G-S、0.2G-S、0.5G-S和1G-S組)或不捕撈(命名為0G-NS、0.2G-NS、0.5G-NS和1G-NS組),檢測(cè)草魚應(yīng)激前0 h,應(yīng)激后1 h、2 h和4 h血漿生理指標(biāo)[皮質(zhì)醇、葡萄糖和乳酸濃度、乳酸脫氫酶(Lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)活性],腦生理指標(biāo)(葡萄糖、糖原和乳酸濃度)以及肝臟糖代謝指標(biāo)(糖原含量和PEPCK、G6Pase、HK和PK酶活性)的變化。結(jié)果顯示,1)血漿生理:在應(yīng)激前,1G-S組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度顯著高于OG-S、0.2G-S和0.5G-S組,且1G-NS組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度顯著高于OG-NS、0.2G-NS和0.5G-NS組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后1h,0.5G-S組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度顯著低于其它三個(gè)應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激前和應(yīng)激后1 h,應(yīng)激組和不應(yīng)激組血漿葡萄糖濃度都隨著注射葡萄糖濃度的增加而升高(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激前、應(yīng)激后1h、2h和4h,1G-S組血漿葡萄糖濃度顯著高于其它三個(gè)應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后4h,血漿乳酸濃度和LDH酶活性都隨著注射葡萄糖濃度的增加而升高(P0.05)。2)腦生理:在應(yīng)激前,0.5G-NS和1G-NS組腦葡萄糖濃度顯著高于OG-NS和0.2G-NS組,且0.5G-S和1G-S組腦葡萄糖濃度顯著高于OG-S和0.2G-S組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后1 h和2 h,1G-S組腦葡萄糖濃度顯著高于其它三個(gè)應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。0.5G-S組腦糖原含量在應(yīng)激后1 h顯著高于0G-S和0.2G-S組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后2h,0.5G-S組腦乳酸濃度顯著高于0.5G-NS組(P0.05)。3)肝臟糖代謝:在應(yīng)激后2h和4h,1G-S組肝糖原含量顯著低于其對(duì)應(yīng)不應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后1h,0G-S組肝臟G6Pase酶活性顯著高于其它應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后2h,0G-S組肝臟G6Pase酶活性顯著高于1G-S組(P0.05)。0G-S組肝臟G6Pase酶活性在應(yīng)激后1 h和2 h顯著高于其對(duì)應(yīng)不應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。0.2G-S和1G-S組肝臟HK酶活性在應(yīng)激后1 h顯著高于其對(duì)應(yīng)不應(yīng)激組(P0.05)。3.3、不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)史對(duì)銀鯽和大口黑鱸應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及應(yīng)激后肝臟糖代謝酶活性的影響:實(shí)驗(yàn)2×2設(shè)計(jì),共設(shè)置銀鯽飽食組、銀鯽饑餓組、大口黑鱸飽食組和大口黑鱸饑餓組。在飽食或饑餓28天后,檢測(cè)肝重指數(shù)(Hepatosomaticindex,HSI)及體成分。在捕撈應(yīng)激后,檢測(cè)0h(應(yīng)激前)、1h、2h、4h和24h血漿生理指標(biāo)(皮質(zhì)醇、葡萄糖和乳酸濃度),腦生理指標(biāo)(葡萄糖、糖原和乳酸濃度)以及肝臟糖代謝指標(biāo)(糖原含量和PEPCK、G6Pase、HK和PK活性)的變化。結(jié)果顯示,1)HSI和體成分:與初始組相比,銀鯽在饑餓28天后粗脂肪下降61%(P0.05),灰分升高34%(P0.05);大口黑鱸在饑餓后HSI與初始組相比下降77%(P0.05)。2)血漿生理:在捕撈應(yīng)激后,銀鯽僅飽食組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度在應(yīng)激后2 h、4h和24 h顯著升高(P0.05)。大口黑鱸飽食組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度在應(yīng)激后4 h和24 h顯著升高,而饑餓組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度在應(yīng)激后lh顯著升高(P0.05)�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)(0h-24h),銀鯽飽食組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度是饑餓組的3.5倍,而大口黑鱸飽食組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度是饑餓組的1.2倍。銀鯽飽食組和饑餓組血漿葡萄糖濃度分別在應(yīng)激后2h和lh顯著升高(P0.05)。而大口黑鱸僅飽食組血漿葡萄糖濃度在應(yīng)激后1h、2h和4h顯著升高(P0.05)�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),大口黑鱸飽食組葡萄糖濃度是饑餓組的2.1倍,而銀鯽飽食組葡萄糖濃度是饑餓組的1.4倍。銀鯽和大口黑鱸血漿乳酸濃度在應(yīng)激后都顯著升高(P0.05),且飽食組和饑餓組之間沒(méi)有顯著差異(P0.05)。3)腦生理:銀鯽飽食組和饑餓組腦葡萄糖濃度在應(yīng)激后2 h都顯著升高(P0.05)。大口黑鱸僅飽食組腦葡萄糖濃度在應(yīng)激后lh、2h和4h顯著升高(P0.05)�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),大口黑鱸飽食組腦葡萄糖濃度是饑餓組的6.0倍,而銀鯽飽食組腦葡萄糖濃度是饑餓組的1.2倍。銀鯽和大口黑鱸腦糖原含量并沒(méi)有受到捕撈應(yīng)激的顯著影響(P0.05)�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),銀鯽飽食組腦糖原含量是饑餓組的2.0倍,而大口黑鱸飽食組腦糖原含量是饑餓組的1.5倍。4)肝臟糖代謝:銀鯽和大口黑鱸肝糖原含量在應(yīng)激后并沒(méi)有發(fā)生顯著變化(P0.05)。總體來(lái)說(shuō),大口黑鱸飽食組肝糖原含量是饑餓組的5.0倍,而銀鯽飽食組肝糖原含量是饑餓組的1.3倍。在捕撈應(yīng)激后,僅銀鯽飽食組肝臟PEPCK酶活性在應(yīng)激后2h和24h顯著升高(P0.05)。總體來(lái)說(shuō),銀鯽飽食組肝臟PEPCK酶活性是饑餓組的1.4倍,而加州饑餓組肝臟PEPCK酶活性是飽食組的2.1倍。在應(yīng)激后4h,銀鯽飽食組肝臟G6Pase酶活性顯著高于饑餓組(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激前、應(yīng)激后2h、4h和24h,大口黑鱸饑餓組肝臟HK酶活性顯著高于飽食組。3.4、不同營(yíng)養(yǎng)史對(duì)銀鯽應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及應(yīng)激后肝臟糖代謝酶活性的影響:銀鯽設(shè)飽食組、饑餓14天組和饑餓28天組,對(duì)其進(jìn)行捕撈應(yīng)激,檢測(cè)應(yīng)激前0h、應(yīng)激后1h、2h、4h和24h血漿生理指標(biāo)(皮質(zhì)醇、葡萄糖和乳酸濃度),腦生理指標(biāo)(葡萄糖、糖原和乳酸濃度)以及肝臟糖代謝指標(biāo)(糖原含量和PEPCK、G6Pase、HK和PK活性)的變化。結(jié)果顯示,1)血漿生理:銀鯽僅飽食組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度在應(yīng)激后1h、2h、4h和24h顯著高于應(yīng)激前水平(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后2 h、4h和24h,飽食組血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度顯著高于饑餓14天和28天組(P0.05)。銀鯽所有處理組血漿葡萄糖和乳酸濃度在應(yīng)激后1 h和2h都顯著升高(P0.05)。2)腦生理:銀鯽飽食組和饑餓28天組腦葡萄糖濃度在應(yīng)激后2h顯著升高(P0.05)。在應(yīng)激后2h,飽食組和饑餓28天組腦葡萄糖濃度顯著高于饑餓14天組(P0.05)。應(yīng)激前和應(yīng)激后1h、2 h、4h和24 h,銀鯽饑餓28天組腦糖原含量顯著低于飽食組(P0.05)。3)肝臟糖代謝：饑餓14天組肝糖原含量在應(yīng)激后2 h顯著高于饑餓28天組(P0.05)。飽食組肝臟PEPCK酶活性在應(yīng)激后2h、4h和24h顯著升高(P0.05)。根據(jù)上述結(jié)果得出以下結(jié)論:1、捕撈應(yīng)激后草魚HPI軸中CRF、StAR和GR途徑被激活,肝臟糖原分解和糖異生活動(dòng)加強(qiáng)。2、與草魚和青魚相比,捕撈后銀鯽應(yīng)激反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較低。捕撈后血糖升高未導(dǎo)致草魚、銀鯽和青魚的肝臟糖酵解酶活性增強(qiáng)。3、腹腔注射1.0 mg/gBM的葡萄糖可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)刺激草魚血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度升高,而注射0.5 mg/g BM的葡萄糖會(huì)抑制應(yīng)激后血漿皮質(zhì)醇濃度的升高。應(yīng)激和血漿葡萄糖濃度都會(huì)促使草魚腦葡萄糖濃度的升高。外源葡萄糖處理抑制了應(yīng)激后的肝臟生糖作用,表現(xiàn)為應(yīng)激后早期血糖濃度升高趨勢(shì)慢,乳酸堆積加劇以及肝臟G6Pase酶活性升高受到抑制。4、營(yíng)養(yǎng)史影響銀鯽和大口黑鱸血漿生理、腦生理和肝臟糖代謝的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。饑餓抑制銀鯽應(yīng)激后血漿皮質(zhì)醇和血漿葡萄糖濃度的升高,抑制大口黑鱸應(yīng)激后血漿葡萄糖和腦葡萄糖濃度的升高,表明饑餓在一定程度上降低應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。饑餓對(duì)銀鯽應(yīng)激后肝臟糖異生途徑產(chǎn)生抑制作用,而在大口黑鱸中則作用相反。5、無(wú)論短期還是長(zhǎng)期饑餓均會(huì)降低銀鯽應(yīng)激后血漿皮質(zhì)醇和葡萄糖濃度。短期和長(zhǎng)期饑餓后銀鯽腦糖原含量顯著降低,表明饑餓導(dǎo)致其腦糖原分解。短期和長(zhǎng)期饑餓都會(huì)抑制銀鯽應(yīng)激后肝臟糖異生能力的增強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:The hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI axis) of four warm-water fishes (Ctenopharyngodonidella, Carassius auratus gibelio, Mylopharyngodon piceus and Micropterus salmoides) with different feeding habits were analyzed. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The effects of fishing stress on the HPI axis of grass carp were obtained by homologous cloning method. Bond genes, including Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP111C1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), encode 209 BP of the CRF fragment. 69 amino acids; part of StAR was 314 BP long, encoding 104 amino acids; part of CYP111C1 was 347 BP long, encoding 115 amino acids; part of GR was 259 BP long, encoding 85 amino acids. The levels of CRF, StAR, CYP111C1, POMC and GR mRNA in hypothalamus, kidney, pituitary and liver at 1 h after stress were significantly higher than those before stress (P 0.05). There was no significant difference (P 0.05). 2. Changes of plasma physiological indexes, hepatic glycogen content and hepatic glycometabolism enzyme activity in grass carp after fishing stress: plasma cortisol, glucose and lactic acid levels, liver glycogen content and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Phosphoelpyruvate carboxyk) were measured at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h and 24 h after fishing stress. Inase, PEPCK, Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), Hexoxinase (HK) and Pyruvate kinase (PK) activities. The results showed that plasma cortisol levels increased significantly at 5 minutes after stress (P 0.05) and reached the highest level at 1 hour (P 0.05) compared with pre-stress oh (control group). Liver glycogen content decreased significantly at 1 hour after stress (P 0.05), and returned to pre-stress level at 24 hours (P 0.05). Liver PEPCK activity at 1 hour after stress was significantly higher than that of control group (P 0.05); liver G6Pase activity at 30 minutes after stress was significantly higher than that of control group (P 0.05). The plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations, hepatic glycogen contents, and liver HK and PK activities of grass carp, silver crucian carp and black carp were significantly increased after harvesting (P 0.05). The glycogen content of liver showed a downward trend (P 0.05), but there was no significant change in glycogen content of liver before and after harvesting (P 0.05); before and after harvesting, the glycogen concentration of black carp was significantly higher than that of grass carp and silver crucian carp (P 0.05). The glycogen content of liver of silver crucian carp was significantly higher than that of grass carp and blue carp (P 0.05), and the plasma glucose and lactic acid concentration increased slightly after harvesting. The activity of HK and PK in liver did not change significantly after harvesting (P 0.05). The activity of HK decreased significantly at 2 hours after harvesting (P 0.05). The effects of plasma glucose levels on plasma and brain physiological indices and liver glucose metabolism stress of grass carp were studied. Grass carp were intraperitoneally injected with glucose at concentrations of 0,0.2,0.5 and 1.0 mg/g body mass (BM), respectively. The plasma physiological indices (cortisol, glucose and lactate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (Lactic hydrogenase, LD) and lactate dehydrogenase (Lactic dehydrogenase, LD-NS) of grass carp were measured at 1 hour after injection under fishing stress (named 0G-S, 0.2G-S, 0.5G-S and 1G-S groups) or non-fishing (named 0G-NS, 0.2G-NS, 0.5G-NS and 1G-NS groups). The results showed that: (1) Plasma physiology: before stress, the plasma cortisol concentration in 1G-S group was significantly higher than that in OG-S, 0.2G-S and 0.5G-S groups, and the plasma cortisol concentration in 1G-NS group was significantly higher than that in OG-NS, 0.2 G-S group. G-NS and 0.5G-NS groups (P 0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration in 0.5G-S group was significantly lower than that in the other three stress groups at 1 hour after stress (P 0.05). The plasma glucose concentration in stress group and stress group increased with the increase of glucose concentration at 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after stress (P 0.05). After 4 hours of stress, plasma lactate concentration and LDH activity increased with the increase of glucose concentration (P 0.05). 2) Cerebral physiology: Before stress, the concentration of glucose in 0.5G-NS and 1G-NS groups was significantly higher than that in OG-NS and 0.2G-NS groups, and the concentration of glucose in 0.5G-S and 1G-S groups was significantly higher than that in OG-S and 0.2 G-NS groups. Cerebral glucose concentration in 1G-S group was significantly higher than that in other three stress groups at 1 h and 2 h after stress (P 0.05). Cerebral glycogen content in 0.5G-S group was significantly higher than that in 0G-S and 0.2G-S groups at 1 h after stress (P 0.05). Cerebral lactate concentration in 0.5G-S group was significantly higher than that in 0.5G-NS group (P 0.05). 3 Hepatic glucose metabolism in 1G-S group was significantly higher than that in 0G-S and 0.5G-S group at 2 h and 4 h after stress (P 0.05). The activity of G6Pase in liver of 0G-S group was significantly higher than that of other stress groups (P 0.05). The activity of G6Pase in liver of 0G-S group was significantly higher than that of 1G-S group at 2 hours after stress (P 0.05). The activity of G6Pase in liver of 0G-S group was significantly higher than that of 1G-S group at 1 hour and 2 hours after stress (P 0.05). The activity of HK enzyme in liver of group-S was significantly higher than that of stress stress group (P 0.05). 3.3. The effects of different nutritional history on stress response and activity of glucose metabolic enzyme in liver of silver crucian carp and perch were studied in Experiment 2 *2 design. A total of three groups were set up, i.e. the satiety group of silver crucian carp, the starvation group of silver crucian carp, the satiety group of big mouth black bass and the starvation group of big mouth black bass. After 28 days of starvation, liver weight index (HSI) and body composition were measured. Changes of plasma physiological indexes (cortisol, glucose and lactic acid concentration), brain physiological indexes (glucose, glycogen and lactic acid concentration) and liver glucose metabolic indexes (glycogen content and PEPCK, G6e, HK and PK activity) were detected at 0 h (before stress), 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 24 h after fishing stress. The results showed that: 1) HSI and body composition: compared with the initial group, crude fat decreased by 61% (P 0.05) and ash increased by 34% (P 0.05) after 28 days of starvation; HSI decreased by 77% (P 0.05). 2) plasma physiology: after fishing stress, the plasma cortisol concentration of the only full-fed group increased significantly at 2, 4 and 24 hours after stress (P 0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration in the satiety group increased significantly at 4 h and 24 h after stress, while that in the starvation group increased significantly at 1 h after stress (P 0.05). Overall (0 h-24 h), the plasma cortisol concentration in the satiety group was 3.5 times higher than that in the starvation group, while that in the satiety group was 1.2 times higher than that in the starvation group. The plasma glucose concentration of satiety group and starvation group increased significantly at 2 h and 1 h after stress (P 0.05), while that of satiety group increased significantly at 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after stress (P 0.05). The concentration of lactic acid in the plasma of silver crucian carp and sea bass increased significantly after stress (P 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the satiety group and the starvation group (P 0.05). In general, the brain glucose concentration in the satiety group was 6.0 times higher than that in the starvation group, while the brain glucose concentration in the satiety group was 1.2 times higher than that in the starvation group. Glycogen content in brain of satiety group was 1.5 times as much as that of starvation group. 4) Liver glycogen metabolism: liver glycogen content of silver crucian carp and big black bass did not change significantly after stress (P 0.05). Overall, liver glycogen content of satiety group was 5.0 times as much as that of starvation group, while liver glycogen content of satiety group of silver crucian carp was 1.3 times as that of starvation group. After fishing stress, the activity of PEPCK in the liver of the satiated crucian carp group increased significantly at 2 h and 24 h after stress (P 0.05). Overall, the activity of PEPCK in the satiated crucian carp group was 1.4 times higher than that of the starved crucian carp group, while the activity of PEPCK in the starved California group was 2.1 times higher than that of the satiated crucian carp group (P 0.05). (3.4) The activity of HK enzyme in liver of starvation group was significantly higher than that of satiety group 2 h, 4 h and 24 h before and after stress. The effects of different nutritional history on stress response and activity of glycometabolism enzyme in liver of Gilted crucian carp were studied: the satiety group, the starvation group for 14 days and the starvation group for 28 days. Changes of plasma physiological parameters (cortisol, glucose and lactic acid concentration), brain physiological indexes (glucose, glycogen and lactic acid concentration) and liver glycometabolism indexes (glycogen content and PECK, G6Pase, HK and PK activity) were observed. The results showed that 1) plasma physiology: the plasma cortisol concentration in the full-fed group was significantly higher than that before stress at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after stress. The plasma cortisol concentration in the satiety group was significantly higher than that in the starvation group at 2 h, 4 h and 24 h after stress (P 0.05). (P 0.05). Glucogen concentration in brain was significantly higher in starvation group than in starvation group (P 0.05). Glucogen content in brain was significantly lower in starvation group (P 0.05). Glucogen content in liver was significantly higher in starvation group (P 0.05) than in starvation group (P 0.05). Glucogen content in starvation group (P 0.05). The activities of PEPCK in the liver of the predator group were significantly increased at 2, 4 and 24 hours after stress (P 0.05). According to the above results, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. CRF, StAR and GR pathways were activated in the HPI axis of grass carp after fishing stress, and liver glycogen decomposition and gluconeogenesis activity were enhanced. 2. Compared with grass carp and black carp, the stress response intensity of silver crucian carp after fishing was relatively low. Glucolytic enzymes activities in liver of grass carp, crucian carp and herring were not increased. 3. Intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mg/gBM of glucose could stimulate the plasma cortisol concentration of grass carp in a short time, but 0.5 mg/gBM of glucose could inhibit the increase of plasma cortisol concentration after stress. Exogenous glucose treatment inhibited the glycogenesis of the liver after stress, which was manifested by the slow increase of blood glucose concentration, the aggravation of lactic acid accumulation and the inhibition of G6Pase activity in the liver. 4. Nutritional history affected the plasma physiology, brain physiology and liver glucose metabolism of silver carp and black bass. Starvation inhibited the elevation of plasma cortisol and glucose levels after stress, and inhibited the elevation of plasma glucose and brain glucose levels after stress, suggesting that starvation reduced stress response to a certain extent. Starvation inhibited the hepatic gluconeogenesis pathway after stress in Carassius auratus, whereas in Perch macrocephalus, the effect was opposite. 5. Short-term and long-term starvation decreased plasma cortisol and glucose levels after stress. Short-term and long-term starvation
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4

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