京郊設(shè)施黃瓜水氮損失定量評(píng)價(jià)和水肥管理優(yōu)化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-12 17:39
【摘要】：北京市蔬菜種植面積高達(dá)6.2萬公頃,一半以上的種植區(qū)域采用傳統(tǒng)的水肥管理模式,優(yōu)化水肥管理對(duì)京郊蔬菜種植有重要意義。因此,本研究的主要目的利用EU-Rotate_N模型分析對(duì)京郊地區(qū)不同水肥管理下設(shè)施黃瓜地的氮素?fù)p失和氮素利用效率進(jìn)行定量化分析,通過情景模擬分析并結(jié)合密切值法對(duì)水、氮情景輸出結(jié)果進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),得到最佳的水、氮管理措施。本研究的田間實(shí)驗(yàn)位于北京市房山區(qū)竇店鎮(zhèn),共設(shè)置4個(gè)水肥處理：畦灌+傳統(tǒng)施肥(FP),滴灌+傳統(tǒng)施肥(FPD),畦灌+優(yōu)化施肥(OPT)和滴灌+優(yōu)化施肥(OPTD)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)利用田間數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型校驗(yàn)的結(jié)果顯示,土壤體積含水量、硝態(tài)氮含量、蔬菜產(chǎn)量的模擬值與實(shí)測(cè)值間的均方根誤差RMSE,模型效率系數(shù)E、一致性指數(shù)d值、偏差百分比PBLAS和相關(guān)系數(shù)均表明EU-Rotate_N模型能夠較準(zhǔn)確的模擬本研究的田間土壤水、氮?jiǎng)討B(tài)及蔬菜產(chǎn)量等性狀。因此,校驗(yàn)過的模型可以用來分析本研究中不同水肥處理下的水氮去向及其利用效率。(2)與FP相比,FPD、OPT和OPTD處理下黃瓜產(chǎn)量沒有顯著的變化。模型模擬結(jié)果表明：土壤水分滲漏和硝酸鹽是高度耦合的,主要發(fā)生在灌水和施肥以后。與畦灌處理比較,滴灌使水分滲漏降低了74-77%,水分利用效率增加21-29%。優(yōu)化施肥對(duì)水分滲漏沒有顯著作用。另外,與畦灌處理比較,滴灌使硝酸鹽淋洗量降低了69-82%。優(yōu)化施肥量使硝酸鹽淋洗量降低了12-49%。但是,滴灌處理下黃瓜季后大量的氮素殘留在0-90cm土體內(nèi)。滴灌處理下氮素殘留量是畦灌處理的5倍左右。優(yōu)化灌水和施肥量使氮素利用效率分別提高了42-47%和13-21%。四個(gè)處理下,OPTD處理的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率最高,分別為48.4 kg m-3和185 kg kg-1。(3)利用EU-Rotate_N模型對(duì)畦灌和滴灌處理下共480個(gè)水、氮情景模擬分析表明,僅考慮黃瓜產(chǎn)量時(shí),兩種灌溉模式下最佳的水、氮投入量基本相同,分別為277mm和310 kg N ha-1。但通過密切值方法,綜合評(píng)價(jià)各情景模式的農(nóng)學(xué)效應(yīng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)和環(huán)境效應(yīng)后,畦灌和滴灌處理下最佳的水、氮投入量分別為：畦灌300 mm+氮肥300 kg N ha-1。滴灌250mm+氮肥300 kg N ha-1。
[Abstract]:The planting area of vegetables in Beijing is as high as 62000 hectares. More than half of the planting areas adopt the traditional water and fertilizer management mode. It is of great significance to optimize the water and fertilizer management for vegetable planting in the suburbs of Beijing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the nitrogen loss and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber land under different water and fertilizer management in the suburb of Beijing by using EU-Rotate_N model, and to analyze the water by scenario simulation analysis combined with close value method. The output results of nitrogen scenarios were evaluated synthetically and the best water and nitrogen management measures were obtained. The field experiment was conducted in Dou Dian Town, Fangshan District, Beijing. Four water and fertilizer treatments were set up: border irrigation, traditional fertilization, (FP), traditional fertilization, (FPD), border irrigation, optimized fertilization, (OPT), and drip irrigation, optimized fertilization, (OPTD). The main results are as follows: (1) using field data to verify the model, the results show that the root mean square error (RMSE), the model efficiency coefficient (E), the consistency index (d) between the simulated value of vegetable yield and the measured value, the soil volume water content, the nitrate nitrogen content, the simulated value of vegetable yield and the measured value. The deviation percentage PBLAS and correlation coefficient showed that the EU-Rotate_N model could accurately simulate the field soil water, nitrogen dynamics and vegetable yield. Therefore, the verified model can be used to analyze the water and nitrogen fate and utilization efficiency under different water and fertilizer treatments in this study. (2) there was no significant change in cucumber yield under FPDOPT and OPTD treatments compared with FP. The simulation results show that soil water leakage and nitrate are highly coupled, mainly after irrigation and fertilization. Compared with border irrigation, drip irrigation reduced water leakage by 74-7775 and increased water use efficiency by 21-29%. Optimal fertilization has no significant effect on water leakage. In addition, compared with border irrigation, drip irrigation reduced nitrate leaching by 69-822%. The optimized fertilization reduced the nitrate leaching amount by 12-49. However, a large amount of nitrogen remained in 0-90cm soil after drip irrigation. Nitrogen residue in drip irrigation was about 5 times higher than that in border irrigation. Optimization of irrigation and fertilization increased N use efficiency by 42-47% and 13-21% respectively. The water use efficiency (Wue) and nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) of the four treatments were 48.4 kg m -3 and 185 kg 路g -1, respectively. (3) A total of 480 water was treated with EU-Rotate_N model under border irrigation and drip irrigation. The nitrogen scenario simulation analysis showed that only cucumber yield was considered. Under the two irrigation modes, the nitrogen input was basically the same, which was 277mm and 310kg / nha-1, respectively. However, the optimal water and nitrogen inputs under border irrigation and drip irrigation were 300mm N fertilizer 300kg Nha-1, respectively, after comprehensive evaluation of agronomic effects, economic effects and environmental effects of each scenario model by the method of close value, and the optimal amount of water and nitrogen input under border irrigation and drip irrigation treatment was 300kg Nha-1, respectively. Drip irrigation with 250mm nitrogen fertilizer 300kg N ha-1.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S626;S642.2
本文編號(hào)：2179805
[Abstract]:The planting area of vegetables in Beijing is as high as 62000 hectares. More than half of the planting areas adopt the traditional water and fertilizer management mode. It is of great significance to optimize the water and fertilizer management for vegetable planting in the suburbs of Beijing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the nitrogen loss and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber land under different water and fertilizer management in the suburb of Beijing by using EU-Rotate_N model, and to analyze the water by scenario simulation analysis combined with close value method. The output results of nitrogen scenarios were evaluated synthetically and the best water and nitrogen management measures were obtained. The field experiment was conducted in Dou Dian Town, Fangshan District, Beijing. Four water and fertilizer treatments were set up: border irrigation, traditional fertilization, (FP), traditional fertilization, (FPD), border irrigation, optimized fertilization, (OPT), and drip irrigation, optimized fertilization, (OPTD). The main results are as follows: (1) using field data to verify the model, the results show that the root mean square error (RMSE), the model efficiency coefficient (E), the consistency index (d) between the simulated value of vegetable yield and the measured value, the soil volume water content, the nitrate nitrogen content, the simulated value of vegetable yield and the measured value. The deviation percentage PBLAS and correlation coefficient showed that the EU-Rotate_N model could accurately simulate the field soil water, nitrogen dynamics and vegetable yield. Therefore, the verified model can be used to analyze the water and nitrogen fate and utilization efficiency under different water and fertilizer treatments in this study. (2) there was no significant change in cucumber yield under FPDOPT and OPTD treatments compared with FP. The simulation results show that soil water leakage and nitrate are highly coupled, mainly after irrigation and fertilization. Compared with border irrigation, drip irrigation reduced water leakage by 74-7775 and increased water use efficiency by 21-29%. Optimal fertilization has no significant effect on water leakage. In addition, compared with border irrigation, drip irrigation reduced nitrate leaching by 69-822%. The optimized fertilization reduced the nitrate leaching amount by 12-49. However, a large amount of nitrogen remained in 0-90cm soil after drip irrigation. Nitrogen residue in drip irrigation was about 5 times higher than that in border irrigation. Optimization of irrigation and fertilization increased N use efficiency by 42-47% and 13-21% respectively. The water use efficiency (Wue) and nitrogen use efficiency (Nue) of the four treatments were 48.4 kg m -3 and 185 kg 路g -1, respectively. (3) A total of 480 water was treated with EU-Rotate_N model under border irrigation and drip irrigation. The nitrogen scenario simulation analysis showed that only cucumber yield was considered. Under the two irrigation modes, the nitrogen input was basically the same, which was 277mm and 310kg / nha-1, respectively. However, the optimal water and nitrogen inputs under border irrigation and drip irrigation were 300mm N fertilizer 300kg Nha-1, respectively, after comprehensive evaluation of agronomic effects, economic effects and environmental effects of each scenario model by the method of close value, and the optimal amount of water and nitrogen input under border irrigation and drip irrigation treatment was 300kg Nha-1, respectively. Drip irrigation with 250mm nitrogen fertilizer 300kg N ha-1.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S626;S642.2
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