發(fā)布時間：2018-06-26 21:40

  本文選題：甘藍型油菜 + 產(chǎn)量　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：每角粒數(shù)是甘藍型油菜產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因子之一,是受多因素控制的一個復(fù)雜數(shù)量性狀,同時也是育種重要目標(biāo)之一。在甘藍型油菜種質(zhì)資源中,每角粒數(shù)變異范圍較廣(約每角5粒到35粒),對于每角粒數(shù)的遺傳改良具有重要的利用價值。然而目前甘藍型油菜每角粒數(shù)自然變異的機制尚未研究清楚。本研究以極具代表性的4份多粒和5份少粒甘藍型油菜材料為基礎(chǔ),從面到點,由宏觀到微觀,逐層深入解析影響甘藍型油菜每角粒數(shù)自然變異的原因和機制。主要研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論有以下幾點:1.細(xì)胞學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明,上述材料之間每角粒數(shù)差異主要取決于胚囊的育性和結(jié)合子的發(fā)育,其次是外界環(huán)境的變化,而花粉的育性對其影響不大(可育材料);2.遺傳學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明,上述材料之間每角粒數(shù)的差異主要受母體基因型和胚基因型調(diào)控,細(xì)胞質(zhì)效應(yīng)不顯著;3.利用其中一對差異材料(中雙11和No.73290)構(gòu)建F2/F2:3和RIL群體進行連鎖作圖分析,在A06連鎖群上檢測到一個共同的主效QTL-qSN.A6。然而對每角粒數(shù)進行全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)發(fā)現(xiàn)在qSN.A6區(qū)段內(nèi)沒有檢測到關(guān)聯(lián)信號,因此我們推測該位點可能為稀有等位變異;4.利用已發(fā)表的甘藍型油菜物理圖譜,整合了目前所有定位的甘藍型油菜每角粒數(shù)QT Ls和關(guān)聯(lián)信號,并且篩選出一些與每角粒數(shù)形成相關(guān)的候選基因,為后人研究甘藍型油菜每角粒數(shù)奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ);5.針對主效QTL-qSN.A6成功構(gòu)建近等基因系,隨后利用近等基因系分離群體和子代測驗將初定位的qSN.A6位點由1910kb最終縮小到88kb,其區(qū)間含有19個完整的ORF結(jié)構(gòu);6.利用遺傳學(xué)和細(xì)胞學(xué)方法解析了qSN.A6位點調(diào)控每角粒數(shù)變異的機制是由母體基因型調(diào)控的胚囊敗育;7.在研究過程中,我們還意外發(fā)現(xiàn)qSN.A6位點對粒重有相反的作用,進一步研究表明其遺傳學(xué)原因是一因多效(每角粒數(shù)是因,粒重是果)而非緊密連鎖,,即qSN.A6通過影響每角粒數(shù)后以生理互作(推測可能是負(fù)反饋)的方式進而影響粒重,但是其對每角粒數(shù)的影響要遠大于粒重;8.通過大田試驗考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)qSN.A6位點最終導(dǎo)致NIL(ZS11)的單株產(chǎn)量增加了17.4%。上述結(jié)果表明qSN.A6位點對油菜單株產(chǎn)量起著重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The number of kernels per corner is one of the yield components of Brassica napus. It is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple factors and one of the important targets for breeding. In the germplasm of Brassica napus, the variation range of each kernels is wide (about 5 to 35 grains per corner), which is of great value for the genetic improvement of the number of kernels. The mechanism of natural variation in the number of kernels per corner of Brassica napus has not been studied clearly. In this study, the reasons and mechanisms that affect the natural variation of grain number per corner of Brassica napus were analyzed in depth and from the macro to microcosmic, and the main results and conclusions were analyzed. The following points: 1. cytological analysis showed that the difference of each grain number between the above materials mainly depends on the fertility of the embryo sac and the development of the binding seed, followed by the change of the external environment, and the fertility of the pollen has little effect on it (fertile material). 2. the results of genetic analysis show that the difference of the number of grain per kernels between the above materials is mainly by the mother body. The cytoplasm effect was not significant in genotype and embryo genotypes; 3. using one pair of different materials (double 11 and No.73290) to construct F2/F2:3 and RIL groups for linkage mapping analysis, a common main effect QTL-qSN.A6. was detected on the A06 linkage group, but the whole genome association of each grain number was found to be not detected in the qSN.A6 section. To the associated signal, we presumed that the loci might be rare alleles; 4. using the published physical map of Brassica napus, the number of QT Ls per kernels per corner of Brassica napus and the associated signals were integrated, and some candidate genes related to the number of kernels per corner were selected to study the horns per corner of Brassica napus for posterity. The particle number laid a solid foundation; 5. the near isogenic lines were successfully constructed for the main effect QTL-qSN.A6, and then the qSN.A6 loci were eventually reduced from 1910kb to 88kb by the isolated population and progeny test of the near isogenic lines, and the interval contained 19 complete ORF structures; 6. the regulation of each corner of the qSN.A6 locus by genetic and cytological methods was used. The mechanism of grain number variation is embryo sac abortion regulated by maternal genotype. 7. during the study, we also found that the qSN.A6 site had the opposite effect on grain weight. Further studies showed that the genetic cause was a cause of multiple effects (the number of grains per kernels, grain weight is fruit) and not tight linkage, that is, the qSN.A6 is physiological by affecting the number of grains per corner. The effect of interaction (presumably negative feedback) on grain weight was further influenced by grain weight, but the effect on grain number per kernels was far greater than grain weight; 8. through field experiments, the results showed that the qSN.A6 site eventually led to the increase of single plant yield of NIL (ZS11) and the above results showed that the qSN.A6 site played an important role in the yield of single plant of rape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S565.4

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