本文選題：隔溝交替灌溉　切入點(diǎn)：時(shí)滯效應(yīng)　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：甘肅河西地區(qū)光熱資源豐富、天然隔離條件良好,憑借獨(dú)有的地理資源優(yōu)勢(shì),已發(fā)展成全國(guó)最大的雜交玉米制種基地。近年來(lái),灌區(qū)地下水位下降,河流供水量減少,水資源短缺已然成為玉米制種產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸。隔溝交替灌溉條件下制種玉米水分傳輸機(jī)制與模擬研究,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)制種玉米節(jié)水高效栽培,發(fā)展該區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水事業(yè)具有重要的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以制種玉米為研究對(duì)象,采用土壤水分廓線儀、土壤含水量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)、包裹式植物莖流計(jì)和自動(dòng)氣象站等儀器,于2012-2014年在中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)石羊河試驗(yàn)站,對(duì)不同灌水技術(shù)下制種玉米蒸騰耗水規(guī)律及控制因子、莖流時(shí)滯效應(yīng)及影響因素、莖流估算模型、根系分形特征及根系吸水模型等方面進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的試驗(yàn)研究和定量模擬,取得了以下成果：(1)各灌水方式的日莖流量關(guān)系為：常規(guī)溝灌隔溝交替灌畦灌。莖流觀測(cè)期內(nèi),常規(guī)溝灌日莖流量變化范圍80.8-884.0mLd-1,莖流日均值為498.1 mLd-1；隔溝交替灌日莖流量變化范圍47.1-786.5 mL d-1,均值為455.7 mL d-1；畦灌日莖流量變化范圍38.5-629.1 mL d-1,均值為337.7 mL d-1。(2)小時(shí)尺度：抽穗期南側(cè)母本(SFP)莖流主要影響因素為太陽(yáng)輻射(咫)、相對(duì)濕度(尼H)、和飽和水汽壓差(VPD),灌漿期和成熟期主要影響因素為Rs；抽穗期北側(cè)母本(NFP)主要影響因素為Rs和VPD,灌漿期為Rs,成熟期為Rs、RH和VPD；抽穗期父本(MP)莖流的主要影響因素為Rs、RH和VPD,灌漿期為Rs,成熟期為大氣溫度(Ta)、Rs、RH和VPD對(duì)父本莖流均顯著影響。日尺度下：Rs、Ta為SFP莖流的主要影響因子；NFP和MP莖流主要影響因子為Rs。(3)父本、母本莖流均滯后于Rs,超前于VPD、乃和RHo各生育期莖流相對(duì)Rs的滯后程度為：成熟期灌漿期抽穗期。父本滯后Rs的時(shí)間明顯長(zhǎng)于母本,父本各生育期滯后時(shí)間為30 min、60 mmin和75 mmin,母本為15 mmin、30 min和45 min,而父本超前VPD、Ta和RH的時(shí)間則短于母本。采用ARIMAX模型對(duì)制種玉米莖流量進(jìn)行估算,母本和父本的模擬值與實(shí)測(cè)值斜率分別為1.021和1.059,決定系數(shù)分別為0.928和0.871,與多元回歸模型相比,ARIMAX模型估算值更接近于實(shí)測(cè)值,模擬誤差較小,父本、母本均方根誤差分別為3.65 gh-1和4.71 g 11-1,平均絕對(duì)誤差分別為2.44 g h-1和3.65 gh1。(4)隔溝交替灌條件下制種玉米根系主要集中在0-80 cm土層內(nèi),所占比例在90%以上,壟兩側(cè)植株根系呈非對(duì)稱分布,根長(zhǎng)密度(RD)在垂向和水平向分別呈三次多項(xiàng)式函數(shù)和高斯函數(shù)變化。分形維數(shù)(FD)與根長(zhǎng)密度呈對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到極顯著水平,分形維數(shù)與根長(zhǎng)密度具有相同的季節(jié)性變化特征,根長(zhǎng)密度大于0.2 cm cm-3的區(qū)域具有明顯的分形特征,低于0.2 cmcm-3的區(qū)域分形特征不明顯。分形維數(shù)在垂向和水平向均呈二次函數(shù)變化。(5)RD和FD模型模擬的土壤含水量與實(shí)測(cè)值之間的垂直方向變化趨勢(shì)吻合較好。RD模型在80-120 cm模擬值偏大,低估該層根系吸水能力。比較而言,FD吸水模型模擬效果更好。綜合考慮各生育期模型應(yīng)用效果,FD模型能準(zhǔn)確模擬抽穗期、灌漿期和成熟期內(nèi)濕潤(rùn)側(cè)和干燥側(cè)20cm、40 cm、60 cm和80 cm深度的土壤含水量,均方根誤差在0.001 cm3 cm-3和0.013 cm3 cm-3以內(nèi),相對(duì)均方根誤差小于6%。
[Abstract]:Gansu Hexi area rich solar energy resources, natural isolation in good condition, with unique geographical advantages in resources, has become the country's largest hybrid maize production base. In recent years, the groundwater level decline, river water decreased, water shortage has become the bottleneck of the development of a maize industry. Alternate furrow irrigation conditions and simulation study on the mechanism of maize seed moisture transmission, to achieve efficient water-saving cultivation of maize seed production has important theoretical value and practical significance of the development of water-saving agriculture in this area. Based on the cause of corn as the research object, the soil moisture profile, soil moisture monitoring system, package type plant stem flow gauge and automatic weather station instrument. In 2012-2014 years at the China Agricultural University experimental station of Shiyang River, water regulation and control factor of consumption under different irrigation systems of maize transpiration, sap flow time lag effect and influence Factors, stem flow estimation model, Root Fractal Characteristics and root water uptake model was investigated and the quantitative system, achieved the following results: (1) the relationship between daily sap flow irrigation method: conventional furrow irrigation, alternate furrow irrigation irrigation. Sap flow during the observation period, conventional furrow irrigation daily stem flow changes the range of 80.8-884.0mLd-1, stemflow daily average is 498.1 mLd-1; alternate furrow irrigation on the stem flow range of 47.1-786.5 mL D-1, the average is 455.7 mL D-1; irrigation daily sap flow rate range of 38.5-629.1 mL D-1, the mean value of 337.7 mL d-1. (2): heading south female hour scale (SFP) as the main influencing factors of solar radiation the stem flow, relative humidity (is) (H), and the saturated vapor pressure difference (VPD), the main factors affecting grain filling stage and mature stage of Rs; heading north parent (NFP) as the main influencing factors of Rs and VPD, filling period is Rs, the mature period is Rs, RH 鍜孷PD錛涙娊絀楁湡鐖舵湰(MP)鑼庢祦鐨勪富瑕佸獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅洜绱犱負(fù)Rs,RH鍜孷PD,鐏屾祮鏈熶負(fù)Rs,鎴愮啛鏈熶負(fù)澶ф皵娓╁害(Ta),Rs,RH鍜孷PD瀵圭埗鏈寧嫻佸潎鏄捐憲褰卞搷.鏃ュ昂搴︿笅錛歊s,Ta涓篠FP鑼庢祦鐨勪富瑕佸獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅洜瀛愶紱NFP鍜孧P鑼庢祦涓昏褰卞搷鍥犲瓙涓篟s.(3)鐖舵湰,姣嶆湰鑼庢祦鍧囨粸鍚庝簬Rs,瓚呭墠浜嶸PD,涔冨拰RHo鍚勭敓鑲叉湡鑼庢祦鐩稿Rs鐨勬粸鍚庣▼搴︿負(fù)錛氭垚鐔熸湡鐏屾祮鏈熸娊絀楁湡.鐖舵湰婊炲悗Rs鐨勬椂闂存槑鏄鵑暱浜庢瘝鏈，

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