本文選題：馬鈴薯　切入點(diǎn)：秧莖切割部件　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：針對馬鈴薯收獲時因馬鈴薯秧莖導(dǎo)致喂入口的纏繞、壅堵、功率消耗大,及收獲后田間滯留大量莖葉,影響種植下一季作物等問題,對馬鈴薯秧莖的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計馬鈴薯秧莖切割收集關(guān)鍵部件,一次完成田間馬鈴薯秧莖的切割、輸送集箱等項作業(yè)。通過理論分析及試驗研究,確定馬鈴薯秧莖切割收集關(guān)鍵部件的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和作業(yè)參數(shù),解決馬鈴薯秧莖的切割收集問題。主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論:1.馬鈴薯秧莖橫截面結(jié)構(gòu)及力學(xué)特性研究。應(yīng)用掃描電鏡從觀察馬鈴薯秧莖橫截面的細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)入手,分析秧莖橫截面的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征;在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過秧莖切割試驗分析秧莖的力學(xué)特性。2.對馬鈴薯秧莖切割過程進(jìn)行分析,得到接觸區(qū)的最大壓縮量和最大接觸壓力;對秧莖進(jìn)行整體分析,給出秧莖的撓曲線方程和秧莖在切割處沿水平方向的位移量;進(jìn)行秧莖切割過程力學(xué)分析,得到在刀片和秧莖表面產(chǎn)生接觸面積內(nèi)的切向力。分析秧莖被切斷后的運(yùn)動情況,及使秧莖在輸出裝置末端能夠自由拋離時,輸送裝置速度應(yīng)滿足的條件。3.模擬田間馬鈴薯秧莖切割工況,構(gòu)建馬鈴薯秧莖切割試驗臺。在馬鈴薯秧莖切割試驗臺上進(jìn)行秧莖切割試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)5cm留茬高度處、光刀、有支撐切割時秧莖的切割功耗和切割質(zhì)量優(yōu)于10cm留茬高度處、齒刀、無支撐切割;在不同切割轉(zhuǎn)速下,切割部件總功耗隨著切割轉(zhuǎn)速的升高呈降低的趨勢;在不同刀盤傾角下,切割部件總功耗隨著刀盤傾角的增加而降低;當(dāng)?shù)镀c刀盤徑向成一定安裝角度時,切割部件總功耗降低;隨著一次切割秧莖根數(shù)的增加,總的切割功耗也增加;隨著秧莖含水率的降低,秧莖切割功耗也降低。建立秧莖切割功耗的回歸方程,研究試驗因素以及交互項對切割功耗的影響規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)镀瑠A角是0°時,隨著切割刀盤轉(zhuǎn)速和刀盤傾角的增加,切割功耗先降低后增加。確定各因素水平的最優(yōu)組合并進(jìn)行驗證試驗。4.進(jìn)行馬鈴薯秧莖切割收集關(guān)鍵部件虛擬樣機(jī)設(shè)計。通過進(jìn)行馬鈴薯秧莖切割收集關(guān)鍵部件功能原理設(shè)計和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,初步確定關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)形式,及關(guān)鍵部件的幾何尺寸參數(shù)和空間位置。5.進(jìn)行秧莖切割關(guān)鍵工作部件刀盤和刀片的模態(tài)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)一定的試驗范圍內(nèi)無預(yù)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下的固有頻率和有預(yù)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下的固有頻率變化不大。在刀盤轉(zhuǎn)速280r/min時,整個裝置工作穩(wěn)定,安全可靠。
[Abstract]:The potato harvest for potato vine to feed the entrance wound, blocking, power consumption, and post harvest field remain a large number of stems and leaves, the effect of planting the next crop and other issues, to study the morphological structure and mechanical properties of potato vine, potato vine cutting design collection of key parts, complete the cutting field a potato vine, conveying header and other operations. Through theoretical analysis and experimental study, determine the potato vine cutting the main structural parameters of the key components of the collection and operation parameters, cutting the potato vine collection problem. The main research contents and conclusions: 1. potato seedling stem cross section structure and mechanical properties using scanning electron microscope. From the observation of the potato vine cross section micro structure, analysis of morphological characteristics of stem section; on this basis, through the test analysis of vine vine cutting The mechanical characteristics of.2. were analyzed on potato vine cutting process, get the maximum amount of compression of the contact zone and the maximum contact pressure; analysis of total seedling stems, the displacement of the deflection curve equation and gives the vine vine in cutting along the horizontal direction; analysis of vine cutting mechanics, in the blade and vine surface contact area in tangential force. The movement analysis of seedling stems were cut off, and the vine can be free throw in the output device at the end of.3. conveyor speed should meet the simulated field of potato vine cutting conditions, construction of potato vine cutting test on test bench. Vine cutting test on potato vine cutting, found that 5cm left at the height of stubble, knife, supporting power cutting when the cutting seedling stems and cutting quality is better than 10cm, height of stubble cutter, support free cutting; in different cutting. The cutting speed, the total power consumption of components with the cutting speed increasing decreasing trend; in different angle cutter, cutting the total power consumption of components decreased with the increase of the inclination of the cutter head; when a certain radial installation angle of blade and cutter, cutting parts to reduce the total power consumption; increase with a cutting seedling stem root number the total cutting power consumption also increased with decreasing water content; seedling stem, stem cutting power consumption is reduced. The regression equation established vine cutting power consumption, test factors and interaction terms of the influence of cutting power consumption, when the blade angle is 0 degrees, with the increase of cutting speed of the cutter head and the cutter the inclination angle, the cutting power consumption decreased and then increased. The optimal combination of each factor level test of.4. potato vine cutting collection of key parts of virtual prototype design. Through the potato vine cutting collection key The design principle and design of function structure, identified key components of structure, modal analysis and the key parts of the geometric parameters and the spatial position of.5. stem cutting of key parts of cutter and blade, found that the natural frequency of the test within a certain range of non prestressed state and the change of natural frequency under the condition of large prestressed in the rotation speed of the cutter head 280r/min, the device is stable, safe and reliable.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.71

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