發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-19 21:32

  本文選題：農(nóng)田土壤酸化　切入點(diǎn)：氫離子產(chǎn)生　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾十年來(lái),過(guò)量氮肥投入導(dǎo)致中國(guó)農(nóng)田土壤發(fā)生顯著酸化,對(duì)未來(lái)糧食安全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)日益加劇。在自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,大量研究表明,定量評(píng)價(jià)土壤酸化過(guò)程不僅為闡明酸化機(jī)制提供理論基礎(chǔ),還能為未來(lái)酸化治理提供政策建議。相比而言,對(duì)于農(nóng)田土壤酸化過(guò)程定量化的研究相當(dāng)缺乏。為深入理解農(nóng)田土壤酸化過(guò)程,特別是揭示驅(qū)動(dòng)土壤酸化的關(guān)鍵過(guò)程,定量研究土壤酸化主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力的貢獻(xiàn),明確未來(lái)基于酸化改良的農(nóng)田管理措施,驗(yàn)證基于模型分析的緩解土壤酸化的有效措施,本研究以產(chǎn)生氫離子(H+)的農(nóng)田物質(zhì)循環(huán)過(guò)程為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)盆栽試驗(yàn)揭示物質(zhì)循環(huán)過(guò)程H+產(chǎn)生與土壤實(shí)際酸化的定量關(guān)系,明確土壤pH對(duì)土壤氮素循環(huán)和氮肥產(chǎn)酸量的影響;利用土壤酸化模型定量評(píng)價(jià)長(zhǎng)期施肥條件下,農(nóng)田土壤酸化主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力的貢獻(xiàn),提出緩解農(nóng)田土壤酸化的措施,并結(jié)合田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證改良措施對(duì)緩解土壤酸化的貢獻(xiàn)。主要研究結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下:1.定量了不同類(lèi)型氮肥的氫離子產(chǎn)生量、以及物質(zhì)循環(huán)過(guò)程氫離子產(chǎn)生與土壤實(shí)際酸化的關(guān)系。銨態(tài)氮肥處理的H+產(chǎn)生量是尿素處理的3.8倍,高于兩種肥料H+產(chǎn)生的理論比值2.0;實(shí)際肥料產(chǎn)酸量的高低很大程度上取決于土壤的硝化反應(yīng)能力,硝化能力越強(qiáng)的土壤兩者H+產(chǎn)量比值越接近理論值。在非鈣質(zhì)土壤上,氮(N)和碳(HCO3-)循環(huán)過(guò)程的產(chǎn)酸量與土壤鹽基離子庫(kù)的減少量呈顯著的1:1正相關(guān);在鈣質(zhì)土壤上,兩者僅呈正相關(guān)。驗(yàn)證了非鈣質(zhì)性農(nóng)田土壤,可以通過(guò)外源物質(zhì)的輸入-輸出平衡計(jì)算H+產(chǎn)生量,量化土壤酸中和能力的變化,即實(shí)際土壤酸化速率,為進(jìn)一步深入研究奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。2.揭示了土壤pH對(duì)氮素循環(huán)進(jìn)而對(duì)肥料H+產(chǎn)生量的影響。隨著土壤pH值的降低,土壤硝化、反硝化、氨揮發(fā)降低,淋洗液中的銨硝比顯著增加,氮循環(huán)過(guò)程的氫離子產(chǎn)生量也顯著降低;不同土壤類(lèi)型對(duì)pH改變肥料產(chǎn)酸量的效應(yīng)有一定的影響,這種效應(yīng)在硝化能力弱的土壤上不顯著;等量氮肥施用條件下,中性土壤與堿性土壤實(shí)際酸化速率相近,顯著高于酸性土壤,而中性土壤緩沖能力一般較低,其酸化問(wèn)題應(yīng)受到關(guān)注。3.明確了長(zhǎng)期施肥情況下農(nóng)田土壤酸化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力,并量化其貢獻(xiàn)�；谖覈�(guó)三個(gè)長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)的測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)用進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的VSD+模型模擬了農(nóng)田土壤酸化趨勢(shì)。模型很好的反映了不同條件下(氣候、輪作體系和土壤類(lèi)型)長(zhǎng)期施用肥料對(duì)土壤pH和鹽基飽和度的影響;在酸敏感區(qū)域的土壤上,定量了土壤酸化主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力,發(fā)現(xiàn)在氮肥施用處理中N過(guò)程占總H+產(chǎn)生量的80%,而在不施氮處理中,鹽基離子吸收也是土壤酸化的重要來(lái)源,約占總H+產(chǎn)生量的1/3。4.證明了提高氮肥利用率(NUE)能夠顯著降低農(nóng)田土壤酸化速率。通過(guò)對(duì)不同緩解措施的預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),最有效的土壤酸化防治措施是優(yōu)化氮管理,降低銨態(tài)氮的輸入和硝態(tài)氮的淋洗,以及施用有機(jī)肥來(lái)增加鹽基離子(BC)的輸入,維持土壤BC平衡。結(jié)合三年的田間試驗(yàn)表明,NUE提高20%能夠降低23%的肥料H+產(chǎn)生量。綜上所述,本研究系統(tǒng)闡明了農(nóng)田土壤酸化的過(guò)程,即揭示了非鈣質(zhì)性土壤上外源物質(zhì)輸入產(chǎn)酸量與實(shí)際土壤酸化1:1的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,從外源物質(zhì)產(chǎn)酸量的定量研究中,明確了中性土壤的酸敏感,定量評(píng)價(jià)了農(nóng)田土壤酸化主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力的貢獻(xiàn),指出優(yōu)化氮肥管理,合理降低氮肥用量、提高氮肥利用率、減少硝態(tài)氮的淋洗,通過(guò)施用有機(jī)肥、石灰等,保持土壤鹽基離子平衡,是緩解高度集約化農(nóng)業(yè)土壤酸化的重要途徑。
[Abstract]:In recent years, excessive nitrogen fertilizer caused significant China acidification of farmland soil, the risk of future food security is increasing. In the natural ecosystem, a large number of studies show that the quantitative evaluation of soil acidification process not only provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of acidification, also can provide policy suggestions for future acidification governance. In contrast, for the study of the soil acidification process is lack of quantitative. For further understanding the soil acidification process, especially the key to reveal the process driven soil acidification, the main driving force of the quantitative contribution of soil acidification, acidification clear future farm management measures based on the improvement of verification, effective measures to alleviate the soil acidification model based on the analysis, the research to produce the hydrogen ion (H+) of farmland material recycling process as the research object, to reveal the material recycling process H+ production and soil by pot experiment The quantitative relationship between rhizosphere acidification, a clear effect of soil pH on soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen acid production; evaluation of long-term fertilization conditions by quantitative soil acidification model, the main driving force of soil acidification contribution, and puts forward some measures of soil acidification, and combined with the contribution of field test validation of improved measures to alleviate soil acidification. The main research the results and conclusions are as follows: 1. quantitative hydrogen ions of different types of nitrogen fertilizer production, and material recycling process of hydrogen ion has a relationship with the real soil acidification. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer of H+ production is 3.8 times higher than that of urea treatment, the theoretical ratio of two H+ fertilizer produced 2; nitrification ability actual fertilizer production acidity depends largely on the soil, soil H+ yield ratio nitrification ability is stronger the more close to the theoretical value. In non calcareous soil, nitrogen (N) and carbon (HCO3-). Ring process of acid production and soil base to reduce the amount of base cations was significantly positively related to 1:1; in calcareous soil, both were positively correlated. Verify the non calcareous soil, by exogenous substances input-output balance calculation of H+ production, change to quantify soil acid neutralizing capacity, the actual soil the acidification rate, laid the theoretical foundation of.2. reveals the soil pH in nitrogen cycle of H+ fertilizer production was analyzed for further study. With the decrease of soil pH value, soil nitrification, denitrification, ammonia volatilization reduction, increase in eluent ammonium nitrate ratio significantly, hydrogen ion nitrogen cycling process yield decreased significantly; have certain influence effect of different soil types on pH fertilizer acid production, this effect is not significant in the nitrification ability weak soil conditions; nitrogen fertilizer amount, neutral soil and alkaline soil acidification practice The rate was significantly higher than that of similar, acidic soil, neutral soil buffer capacity is generally low, the acidification problem should be paid close attention to.3. long term fertilization condition of main soil acidification of the driving force, and quantify their contribution. Determination of three long-term positioning of our test data based on the VSD+ model for further development and application of simulation the soil acidification trend. The model reflects the different conditions (climate, cropping system and soil type) effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil pH and base saturation; in acid sensitive areas of soil, soil acidification quantitatively the main driving force, found in the nitrogen fertilizer treatment N total H+ production process 80%, while in the treatment without nitrogen, an important source of base ion absorption is soil acidification, about the total amount of H+ produced 1/3.4. proved that the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer (NUE) can significantly reduce soil The acidification rate. By predicting the mitigation measures for different found that soil acidification prevention is the most effective way to optimize nitrogen management, reduce the input of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen leaching, and application of organic fertilizer to increase the base cations (BC) input, maintain soil BC balance. According to field test for three years. 20% increase in NUE can be reduced by 23% H+ fertilizer production. In summary, this study illustrates the process of acidification of farmland system, which reveals the non calcareous soil on the exogenous material input and actual soil acidification yield was positive correlation between 1:1, from quantitative research abroad source acid production in the neutral soil acid sensitive, quantitative evaluation of soil acidification of the main driving force of the contribution, pointed out that the optimization of nitrogen management, reasonably reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce nitrate leaching, by applying organic manure, lime, etc., Maintaining the ion balance of soil salt base is an important way to alleviate the acidification of highly intensive agricultural soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S156.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 MENG Hong-qi;XU Ming-gang;L Jia-long;HE Xin-hua;LI Jian-wei;SHI Xiao-jun;PENG Chang;WANG Bo-ren;ZHANG Hui-min;;Soil pH Dynamics and Nitrogen Transformations Under Long-Term Chemical Fertilization in Four Typical Chinese Croplands[J];Journal of Integrative Agriculture;2013年11期

2 王亮;李雙異;汪景寬;顧鑫;孟凡奎;;長(zhǎng)期施肥與地膜覆蓋對(duì)棕壤交換性鈣、鎂的影響[J];植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào);2013年05期

3 ;Nitrogen deposition as an important nutrient from the environment and its impact on ecosystems in China[J];Journal of Arid Land;2010年02期

4 ;Crop Yield and Soil Responses to Long-Term Fertilization on a Red Soil in Southern China[J];Pedosphere;2009年02期

5 張俊鵬;孫景生;劉祖貴;高陽(yáng);劉小飛;李曉東;;不同覆蓋和水分處理對(duì)夏玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和耗水特性的影響[J];節(jié)水灌溉;2008年09期

6 段雷;林巖;祝曉燕;唐桂剛;高東峰;郝吉明;;中國(guó)大氣Ca~(2+)傳輸和沉降模擬[J];清華大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2007年09期

7 ;Effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production in desalinized soil in Heilonggang region of North China[J];Journal of Zhejiang University Science(Life Science);2006年11期

8 朱詠莉,吳金水,韓建剛;地膜覆蓋對(duì)土壤中N_2O釋放的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2004年03期

9 陳奇恩;中國(guó)塑料薄膜覆蓋農(nóng)業(yè)[J];中國(guó)工程科學(xué);2002年04期

10 李世清,李鳳民,宋秋華,王俊;半干旱地區(qū)不同地膜覆蓋時(shí)期對(duì)土壤氮素有效性的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2001年09期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 周海燕;膠東集約化農(nóng)田土壤酸化效應(yīng)及改良調(diào)控途徑[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 孟紅旗;長(zhǎng)期施肥農(nóng)田的土壤酸化特征與機(jī)制研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

3 段雷;中國(guó)酸沉降臨界負(fù)荷區(qū)劃研究[D];清華大學(xué);2000年

，

本文編號(hào)：1636087