本文關(guān)鍵詞： 譜系地理學(xué) 中國亞熱帶 青錢柳 大血藤 血水草　出處：《江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國亞熱帶是全球生物多樣性熱點地區(qū)之一,該地區(qū)植物譜系格局一直以來都是植物學(xué)家們關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。本研究基于全分布區(qū)采樣和不同遺傳標(biāo)記,系統(tǒng)研究了不同地質(zhì)和氣候變化事件對中國亞熱帶三種森林植物青錢柳、大血藤和血水草遺傳多樣性和譜系地理格局的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1)青錢柳研究結(jié)果顯示,該物種現(xiàn)有葉綠體單倍型共祖時間追溯至第三紀(jì),即16.69 Ma(95%HPD 8.42 27.86 Ma),是迄今為止中國亞熱帶單個物種譜系分化最古老的植物,與中新世全球氣候變冷和亞洲季風(fēng)首次加強時間吻合。其后又出現(xiàn)兩次種內(nèi)分化高峰,分別發(fā)生在9.6 Ma和3.6 Ma,與兩次亞洲季風(fēng)加強事件吻合(10 8Ma和3.6 2.6 Ma)。更新世以來,青錢柳至少經(jīng)歷了兩次種群擴張,即從1.0 Ma開始的擴張事件和60 Ka的快速擴張。青錢柳遺傳分布格局正好符合中國亞熱帶多個避難所模型和種群擴張模型。2)大血藤第四紀(jì)發(fā)生了兩次強烈的種群擴張事件,一次是在85.98 Ka,與倒數(shù)第二個間冰期時間吻合,另一次是在中更新世。而且,根據(jù)大血藤葉綠體單倍型的分布格局首次推測了中國亞熱帶三條植物遷移路線,該結(jié)果說明第四紀(jì)氣候變化對某些亞熱帶植物分布區(qū)影響極為顯著,存在典型的冰期收縮—間冰期擴張現(xiàn)象。3)血水草結(jié)果顯示,第四紀(jì)降雨量的變化對其遺傳多樣性和遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)有較大的影響。中國亞熱帶武夷山脈、羅霄山脈、南嶺以及云貴高原東側(cè),無論是第四紀(jì)冰期還是現(xiàn)在,降雨量一直能滿足血水草的生長,所以血水草主要分布區(qū)并沒有長時間隔離,其遺傳分化不明顯。而西部山地(云貴高原西側(cè),武陵山和大巴山),末次盛冰期比現(xiàn)在干旱的多,血水草可能難以生存。全新世暖期西邊降雨量增加,血水草由東部群體回遷至西部山地。
[Abstract]:The subtropical region of China is one of the global biodiversity hotspots, and the phytogenealogy pattern in this region has always been concerned by botanists. The effects of different geological and climate change events on genetic diversity and phylogenetic pattern of three forest plants in subtropical China were systematically studied. The existing chloroplast haplotypes of this species date back to the Tertiary, I. e. 16.69 Ma(95%HPD 8.42 ~ 27.86 Mai, which is the oldest single species lineage differentiation in subtropical China. It coincided with the time of global climate cooling in Miocene and the first strengthening of the Asian monsoon. Two peaks of intraspecific differentiation occurred at 9.6 Ma and 3.6 Ma, respectively, and coincided with the two Asian monsoon strengthening events at 10 ~ 8 Ma and 3.6 ~ 2.6 Ma. Since the Pleistocene, there have been two peaks of intraspecific differentiation since the Pleistocene. Willow has experienced at least two population expansions. The genetic distribution pattern of Cyclocygium chinensis coincided with several subtropical shelter models and population expansion model. 2) there were two strong population expansion events in Quaternary of Dioscorea mongolicus, which began at 1.0 Ma and expanded rapidly at 60 Ka. The first time was at 85.98 Ka, which coincided with the penultimate interglacial period, and the other was in the Middle Pleistocene. Moreover, according to the distribution pattern of chloroplast haplotypes of Aegilops, three migration routes of subtropical plants in China were first inferred. The results show that the Quaternary climate change has a significant effect on the distribution of some subtropical plants, and there is a typical glacial contraction-interglacial expansion phenomenon. The variation of precipitation in the Quaternary has great influence on its genetic diversity and genetic structure. The subtropical Wuyi Mountains, Luoxiao Mountains, Nanling Mountains and the east side of Yungui Plateau, both during the Quaternary glacial period and now, The rainfall has been able to satisfy the growth of the blood water grass, so the main distribution area of the blood water grass has not been isolated for a long time and its genetic differentiation is not obvious. However, in the western mountainous region (west side of the Yungui Plateau, Wuling Mountain and Daba Mountain), the last ice age was much more arid than it is now. The western part of the Holocene warm period received more rainfall, and the blood water grass moved back from the eastern population to the western mountain area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S718.3

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