本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小麥 非葉器官 持綠 動(dòng)態(tài)QTL　出處：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：干旱是影響小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)生產(chǎn)的最主要的非生物脅迫因素。持綠小麥能夠延遲光合器官的衰老,增加光合時(shí)間,提高光合效率,并對(duì)干旱等非生物脅迫與生物脅迫具有較好的抗性。小麥持綠性是受多基因控制的復(fù)雜的數(shù)量性,借助非條件QTL與條件QTL分析方法對(duì)不同灌漿時(shí)期旗葉與非葉綠色光合器官持綠相關(guān)性狀進(jìn)行遺傳分析,可以了解小麥不同綠色器官持綠的發(fā)育遺傳特性,發(fā)掘不受環(huán)境影響的與小麥持綠相關(guān)基因緊密連鎖的穩(wěn)定標(biāo)記,將這些標(biāo)記應(yīng)用于抗旱分子標(biāo)記輔助育種,可以大大縮短育種年限,從而提高小麥抗旱和高光效育種的效率。本研究利用包含306個(gè)株系的小麥RIL群體(旱選10x魯麥14)為材料,研究了灌漿不同時(shí)期旗葉的SPAD、GLAD以及衰老特征參數(shù),并利用非條件QTL與條件QTL分析方法對(duì)旗葉葉綠素含量動(dòng)態(tài)變化進(jìn)行遺傳剖析；利用包含150個(gè)株系的小麥DH群體(旱選10×魯麥14)為材料,分析不同水分條件下灌漿不同時(shí)期旗葉與非葉器官葉綠素含量的表型變異,并對(duì)各綠色器官葉綠素含量進(jìn)行條件QTL與非條件QTL分析,探討小麥灌漿期各綠色光合器官持綠的發(fā)育遺傳特性。主要結(jié)果如下：1.小麥旗葉SPAD與GLAD在整個(gè)灌漿期的變化復(fù)雜,呈現(xiàn)出‘慢-快-慢”的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特點(diǎn)；灌漿中期SPAD與單株產(chǎn)量、單株穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)性,灌漿后期SPAD與籽粒寬、籽粒厚、千粒重、單株產(chǎn)量具有顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)性。灌漿中后期SPAD與產(chǎn)量性狀的相關(guān)性與相關(guān)系數(shù)明顯優(yōu)于GLAD與衰老特征參數(shù),且測(cè)定相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,更適宜用于持綠材料的快速篩選。2.兩種水分條件下,在不同灌漿時(shí)期(階段),非條件QTL與條件QTL分析方法分別檢測(cè)到7個(gè)與6個(gè)控制旗葉葉綠素含量的加性QTL,對(duì)表型變異的貢獻(xiàn)率為2.12%～12.80%,這些QTL的表達(dá)呈現(xiàn)出時(shí)空性與特異性,即多數(shù)QTL僅在發(fā)育的一個(gè)特定時(shí)期進(jìn)行表達(dá),沒(méi)有檢測(cè)到能在整個(gè)灌漿期持續(xù)表達(dá)的QTL。兩種水分條件下控制旗葉葉綠素含量的發(fā)育遺傳特性不同,非條件QTL與條件QTL檢測(cè)方法均表現(xiàn)出干旱脅迫條件下檢測(cè)到的QTL數(shù)量均多于正常灌溉條件。Qchl-5A.1能在兩種水分條件下的多個(gè)時(shí)期同時(shí)被檢測(cè)到,且對(duì)表型具有較高的遺傳貢獻(xiàn)率,具有應(yīng)用于MAS育種的前景。3.兩種水分條件下,在不同灌漿時(shí)期(階段),共檢測(cè)到控制葉綠素含量的54個(gè)加性QTL與29對(duì)上位性QTL,對(duì)表型變異的貢獻(xiàn)率在1.02%～20.95%之間�？刂聘骶G色器官葉綠素含量的QTL在絕大多數(shù)時(shí)期并不相同。在5A染色體上的WMC74-Xgwm291-Xgwm410標(biāo)記區(qū)間以及3B染色體的Xgwm181-Xgwm340-xgwm247標(biāo)記區(qū)間檢測(cè)到多個(gè)控制各綠色器官葉綠素含量的主效QTL,深入發(fā)掘這些熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域,對(duì)于后期進(jìn)行精細(xì)定位與圖位克隆具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Drought is the main abiotic stress factor affecting the production of Triticum aestivum L.). Green wheat can delay the senescence of photosynthetic organs, increase photosynthetic time and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Wheat green persistence is a complex quantitative property controlled by many genes, such as drought and other abiotic and biological stresses. With the help of non-conditional QTL and conditional QTL analysis, the green related characters of green photosynthetic organs of flag leaf and non-leaf in different filling stages were analyzed, and the developmental genetic characteristics of green organs in different green organs of wheat could be understood. The identification of stable markers closely linked to green-holding genes in wheat, which are not affected by the environment, and the application of these markers to drought-resistant molecular marker-assisted breeding can greatly shorten the breeding life. In order to improve the efficiency of drought resistance and high light efficiency breeding of wheat, the RIL population (10x Lumai 14) containing 306 lines was used as the material to study the spa dlad and senescence characteristic parameters of flag leaves at different stages of grain filling. The dynamic changes of chlorophyll content in flag leaf were analyzed by non conditional QTL and conditional QTL analysis, and the wheat DH population (10 脳 Lumai 14) containing 150 lines was used as the material. The phenotypic variation of chlorophyll content in flag leaf and non-leaf organ at different filling stage was analyzed under different water conditions, and the chlorophyll content of green organs was analyzed by conditional QTL and non-conditional QTL. The main results were as follows: 1. The changes of SPAD and GLAD in flag leaves of wheat during the whole filling stage were complex, showing the dynamic characteristics of 'slow, fast and slow'. There were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between SPAD and yield per plant, ear number per plant, grain number per ear, and grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight at late grain filling stage. The correlation and correlation coefficient between SPAD and yield characters in the middle and late stage of grain filling were significantly better than those of GLAD and senescence characteristic parameters, and the measurement was relatively simple. It is more suitable for rapid screening of green holding materials. 2. Under two water conditions, At different filling stage (stage, unconditioned QTL and conditional QTL), 7 and 6 additive QTLs were detected to control chlorophyll content in flag leaves, respectively, and the contribution rate to phenotypic variation was 2.12g / 12.80. The expression of these QTL was spatiotemporal and specific. That is to say, most of QTL were expressed only at one specific stage of development, and QTLs, which could be expressed continuously during the whole filling period, were not detected. The developmental genetic characteristics of controlling chlorophyll content in flag leaves were different under two kinds of water conditions. Both non-conditional QTL and conditional QTL methods showed that the number of QTL detected under drought stress was higher than that under normal irrigation condition. Qchl-5A.1 could be detected simultaneously in several periods under two water conditions, and had a higher genetic contribution to phenotype. It has the prospect of application in MAS breeding. Under two kinds of water conditions, At different filling stages, 54 additive QTL and 29 epistatic QTLs were detected to control chlorophyll content, and the contribution to phenotypic variation was between 1.02g and 20.95%. QTL, which controlled chlorophyll content in various green organs, was found in most of the stages. The WMC74-Xgwm291-Xgwm410 marker interval on chromosome 5A and the Xgwm181-Xgwm340-xgwm247 marker interval on chromosome 3B detected multiple major QTLs that controlled the chlorophyll content of various green organs, so as to explore these hot spots. It is of great significance for fine location and map cloning in the later stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S512.1

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