本文關(guān)鍵詞： 草地生產(chǎn)力 物種多樣性 放牧 降雨 地上部分干物質(zhì) 內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：明確放牧擾動(dòng)、氣候變化和生物多樣性對(duì)牧草產(chǎn)量形成的影響對(duì)于優(yōu)化牧場(chǎng)管理以及牧草保持具有重要的意義。因此,在我們當(dāng)前的研究中,目的在于分析放牧、生物多樣性、氣候變化對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古半干旱草原牧草產(chǎn)量形成的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在典型草原和草甸草原處理中,放牧區(qū)和非放牧區(qū)牧草地上部生物量存在顯著的差異,其中,放牧的地方牧草地上部分干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量顯著低于未放牧草地。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn),在這些半干旱草原,生長(zhǎng)季降雨與牧草地上部干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。降水利用效率(RUE)是一個(gè)非常重要的指標(biāo),能夠用于標(biāo)識(shí)內(nèi)蒙古半干旱草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)降雨模式變化對(duì)牧草產(chǎn)量形成的響應(yīng)。我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在濕潤(rùn)的2012年,草地RUEADM出現(xiàn)最小值,而在干旱的2008年,它出現(xiàn)最大值。在典型大草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和沙漠大草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,RUEADM和RUETDM間不存在顯著相關(guān)性,而相比RUEADM, RUETDM與每年的降雨(AP)以及生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)降雨(GSP)具有顯著的相關(guān)性。因此, RUEADM不能被用于代替RUETDM。另外,RUEADM隨著物種豐度增加而增加。在草甸草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng),典型草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和荒漠草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,RUEADM和物種豐度顯著相關(guān)。而且,三種草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中C3和C4作物地上部分干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量比值顯著不同。C4作物為主的區(qū)域地上部分干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量顯著最高,而在C3作物為主的區(qū)域或者C3和C4混合區(qū)域,物種豐度指數(shù)和Simpson指數(shù)間存在顯著的線性相關(guān)性。但是,在一些C4作物主控區(qū),地上干物質(zhì)質(zhì)量與物種豐度和多樣性間不存在顯著的相關(guān)。因此,在內(nèi)蒙古半干旱草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中C3作物主控區(qū)以及C3、C4作物混合區(qū)對(duì)于生物多樣性保存具有非常重要的作用。其中,豆科作物是自然草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,它對(duì)于草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持性具有非常重要的意義。研究區(qū)豆科作物占68.8%,該區(qū)的主控作物為豆科屬作物,比如,紫云英屬、苜蓿屬和錦雞兒屬。三年平均地上干物質(zhì)為5.97g m-2,能夠解釋群體地上部分總干物質(zhì)變化的5.02%。在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū),豆科作物地上部分干物質(zhì)以及占地上部總干物質(zhì)的比值降低。因此,我們認(rèn)為,內(nèi)蒙古半干旱草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),作物生育期內(nèi)降雨少、溫度高,嚴(yán)重影戲一年生豆科作物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育�？傊�,我們研究表明過度放牧以及有限的降雨是草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的主要原因,可持續(xù)放牧管理策略將有助于這些草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保持。
[Abstract]:It is important to clarify the effects of grazing disturbance, climate change and biodiversity on forage yield formation for optimal rangeland management and forage conservation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of grazing, biodiversity and climate change on forage yield in semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia. There were significant differences between herbage aboveground biomass in grazing area and non-grazing area, among which, dry matter quality of grazing area was significantly lower than that of ungrazed grassland. We also found that in these semi-arid grasslands, dry matter quality was significantly lower than that in ungrazed grassland. There is a significant positive correlation between rainfall and dry matter quality in the aboveground part of forage in growing season. Precipitation utilization efficiency (Rue) is a very important indicator. It can be used to identify the response of rainfall pattern changes in semi-arid grassland ecosystem to forage yield in Inner Mongolia. We found that grassland RUEADM appeared minimum on humid 2012. In 2008 of drought, it reached its maximum value. There was no significant correlation between RUEADM and RUETDM in typical steppe ecosystem and desert steppe ecosystem. Compared with RUEADM, RUETDM has a significant correlation with annual rainfall (APP) and growing season rainfall (GSPs). RUEADM cannot be used as a substitute for RUETDM. in addition, RUEADM increases with the increase of species abundance in meadow steppe ecosystems. RUEADM and species abundance in typical steppe ecosystem and desert steppe ecosystem were significantly correlated. Among the three grassland ecosystems, the dry matter ratios of the aboveground parts of C3 and C4 crops were significantly different. The dry matter ratios of the aboveground parts of the three steppe ecosystems were the highest in the regions dominated by C4 crops. However, there was a significant linear correlation between the species abundance index and Simpson index in the region dominated by C3 crops or in the mixed region of C3 and C4. However, there was a significant linear correlation between the species abundance index and the Simpson index in some C4 crop control areas. There was no significant correlation between aboveground dry matter quality and species abundance and diversity. The C _ 4 crop mixed area plays an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, in which legume is an important part of natural grassland ecosystem. It is of great significance for the sustainability of grassland ecosystem. In the study area, the legume crops account for 68.8%, and the main controlling crops in the study area are legumes, such as the genus Violet. The average aboveground dry matter of Alfalfa and Caragana in three years is 5.97g m-2, which can explain the total dry matter variation of the aboveground part of the population 5.02.It is in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. The ratio of aboveground dry matter and total dry matter in the upper part of leguminous crops is decreased. Therefore, we think that in Inner Mongolia semi-arid grassland ecosystem, the rainfall is less and the temperature is high during the growing period of crops. In conclusion, our studies have shown that overgrazing and limited rainfall are the main causes of grassland ecosystem degradation. Sustainable grazing management strategies will contribute to the conservation of these grassland ecosystems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 黃富祥,傅德山,劉振鐸;鄂爾多斯油蒿—本氏針茅群落生物量對(duì)氣候的動(dòng)態(tài)影響[J];草地學(xué)報(bào);2001年02期

2 ;Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia[J];Science in China(Series C:Life Sciences);2008年03期

3 Anwar MOHAMMAT;;Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China's grasslands[J];Science China(Life Sciences);2010年07期

4 黃富祥,高瓊,傅德山,劉振鐸;內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯高原典型草原百里香-本氏針茅草地地上生物量對(duì)氣候響應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)回歸分析[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2001年08期

，

本文編號(hào)：1477924