本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)戶 蛋雞養(yǎng)殖 環(huán)境保護 適度規(guī)模　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國居民收入水平的不斷提高,動物類食品在人們食物消費需求中的比重越來越大,如何有效保障畜禽產(chǎn)品的有效供給成為了我國養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展過程中的重要目標之一,而規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展無疑為這一目標的實現(xiàn)提供了有效的途徑。此外,作為現(xiàn)代畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的重要特征,規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖的開展對于農(nóng)民增收也發(fā)揮著積極的促進作用。然而,規(guī)�；�(jīng)營并不意味著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模越大越好,存在著適度規(guī)模的問題。同時,來自國外發(fā)達國家以及我國農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗也都一再表明,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展不能以犧牲環(huán)境為代價。如何在實現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護的前提下推動農(nóng)戶適度規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖的發(fā)展,成為了當前擺在我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展過程中的一項重要選題。顯然,這一問題的研究與解決對于促進生態(tài)環(huán)境保護與畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的協(xié)調(diào)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的理論意義與現(xiàn)實價值。農(nóng)戶是我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖的基本生產(chǎn)單位與主體力量,本文以農(nóng)戶作為研究對象,在對規(guī)模化經(jīng)營相關(guān)理論、環(huán)境公共物品理論與外部性理論等分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從農(nóng)戶視角出發(fā),基于農(nóng)戶行為理論探討了環(huán)境規(guī)制視角下的農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖適度規(guī)模問題。在對我國農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與特征分析的基礎(chǔ)上,運用分位數(shù)模型考察了環(huán)境規(guī)制對農(nóng)戶養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的影響,并利用Heckman兩階段模型考察了環(huán)境規(guī)制下的農(nóng)戶環(huán)保意愿問題,通過離散選擇Logistic模型對環(huán)境規(guī)制下農(nóng)戶擴大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的行為與意愿進行了研究。文中利用數(shù)理模型從農(nóng)戶視角出發(fā)以利潤最大化為目標,模擬并分析了環(huán)境規(guī)制下的農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖適度規(guī)模,并從產(chǎn)業(yè)角度模擬并探討了適度規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展對于我國蛋雞養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的影響作用。論文獲得的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)我國蛋雞規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖己獲得較快發(fā)展,但小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖戶仍占據(jù)主要地位;不同養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模水平下,農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營特征存在明顯差異,且廢棄物處理手段多樣化,蛋雞規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展過程中的環(huán)境保護面臨著較大的挑戰(zhàn)。(2)環(huán)境規(guī)制對不同規(guī)模分布下的農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模具有差異化的影響:對專業(yè)大戶的養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模具有明顯的促進作用,而對小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖戶的影響卻并不顯著,這在一定程度上反映出我國農(nóng)戶對環(huán)保規(guī)制已具有較高的承受能力。此外,戶主個人特征、家庭特征與養(yǎng)殖經(jīng)營特征等因素對不同規(guī)模分布下的農(nóng)戶養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模也存在有差異化的影響。(3)農(nóng)戶擴大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的意愿與行為在影響因素上存在一定差異。盡管農(nóng)戶在形成擴大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的意愿時并未考慮到環(huán)境政策與養(yǎng)殖補貼政策的影響,但上述政策對農(nóng)戶擴大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的行為發(fā)揮了明顯的影響作用。(4)從農(nóng)戶視角下的養(yǎng)殖利潤最大化目標來看,在現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)水平下,當環(huán)境成本完全內(nèi)部化由農(nóng)戶自行承擔時,農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖的適度規(guī)模約為當前養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模平均水平的4倍,農(nóng)戶蛋雞規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖仍有較大發(fā)展空間。(5)農(nóng)戶的環(huán)保意愿支出水平距離有效實現(xiàn)畜禽養(yǎng)殖過程中環(huán)境治理所需的環(huán)保資金投入還有較大差距,提高農(nóng)戶環(huán)保支出水平、制定和實施相關(guān)環(huán)保補貼政策是實現(xiàn)畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展與生態(tài)環(huán)境保護同步推進的重要保障。(6)從產(chǎn)業(yè)角度看,農(nóng)戶蛋雞養(yǎng)殖適度規(guī)模的推進將會導致部分養(yǎng)殖戶的退出。關(guān)注如何逐步推進適度規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的同時,應(yīng)兼顧退出養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)戶問題的解決。
[Abstract]:With the income level of residents in our country continue to increase, the proportion of animal food in people's food consumption demand in the growing, how to effectively protect the effective supply of livestock products has become one of the important objectives of the development process of China's aquaculture industry, and the development of large-scale farming is no doubt for the realization of the goal to provide effective way. In addition, as an important feature of modern animal husbandry, to carry out large-scale farming for farmers also play a positive role in promoting. However, large-scale operation does not mean that the production scale is better, there is a proper scale. At the same time, from the developed countries and the experience of China's agricultural fields are also proved that the development of agricultural production can not be at the expense of the environment. How to promote the development of farmers in the large-scale breeding premise of environmental protection, has become the current One of the most important topics in the development process of China's livestock and poultry industry. Obviously, this problem study and solve for the promotion of coordination and protection of ecological environment and sustainable development of animal husbandry has important theoretical significance and practical value. The farmer is livestock in China based on the production unit and the main force, the farmers as the research object, on the scale of related theories, basic environmental public goods theory and externality theory analysis, starting from the perspective of farmers, farmer behavior theory is discussed from the perspective of environmental regulation of farmers breeding hens moderate size. Based on analyzing the status quo and characteristics of the Chinese farmers in laying hens on the use of quantile model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on the scale of farming households, and use the Heckman two stage model to study the farmers' environmental protection under environmental regulation. May, through the discrete choice Logistic model on Farmers' environmental regulation to expand the wishes and behavior of the scale of farming was studied. Starting from the perspective of farmers to maximize the profit by using the mathematical model in this paper, the simulation and analysis of the environmental regulation of farmers breeding hens and moderate scale, from the industrial point of view and discusses the moderate scale simulation for aquaculture development affect farming in China. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) layers of large-scale cultivation in our country has gained rapid development, but the small scale farmers still occupy a dominant position; breeding scale of different levels, there exist obvious differences in production and operation characteristics of farmers' breeding hens, and waste treatment method diversification, environmental protection farming development process in large scale layer facing greater challenges. (2) environmental regulation on different scale distribution of farmers raising hens Effect of scale with the difference: the colonization of professional large scale farming has obvious effect, and the effect on small scale farmers are not obvious, which reflects China's farmers have high capacity of environmental regulation in a certain extent. In addition, the people characteristics, family characteristics and cultivation management factors such as the characteristics of different size distribution under the farmers breeding scale also has effect of differentiation. (3) there are some differences in the impact factors on the willingness and behavior of farmers to expand the scale of farming. Despite the farmers in the form of expanding the scale of farming will not take into account the impact of environmental policy and farming subsidies policy, but the policy for farmers to expand the scale of farming behavior played a significant effect. (4) from the perspective of maximizing farmers breeding profit target, in the current production level, when the end of environmental cost The internal by the farmers themselves, the moderate scale of farmers in laying hens is about 4 times the average level of the scale of farming, layers of scale farms still have a larger space for development. (5) farmers' environmental intention expenditure level there is a large gap between the distance of the effective implementation of environmental governance in poultry and livestock breeding for environmental protection investment and improve the farmers' environmental protection expenditure level, is an important guarantee for the development of livestock breeding and protection of the ecological environment promote the formulation and implementation of relevant environmental subsidies. (6) from the perspective of industry, promote the farmers will exit the appropriate scale of laying hens led some farmers. Focus on how to gradually promote moderate scale aquaculture development at the same time, consideration should be given to solve the problem. Farmers quit farming

【學位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.3

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