本文關(guān)鍵詞：神農(nóng)架森林土壤微生物沿海拔分布格局及形成機(jī)制　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 森林土壤微生物群落 微生物地理學(xué) 基因芯片(GeoChip) MiSeq測(cè)序

【摘要】：微生物作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的分解者,在調(diào)控生物地球化學(xué)過(guò)程中起著極其重要的作用,因此認(rèn)識(shí)微生物空間分布格局及形成機(jī)制具有十分重要的意義。由于技術(shù)手段的限制,微生物地理學(xué)分布的研究相對(duì)滯后于大型動(dòng)植物。隨著宏基因組技術(shù)在微生物地理學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用,近年來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)具有一定的地理分布格局,突破了學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于微生物全球性隨機(jī)分布的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí)。神農(nóng)架自然保護(hù)區(qū)位于湖北省西北部,是我國(guó)中北亞熱帶的過(guò)渡地區(qū),也是我國(guó)東部平原丘陵區(qū)向中部山地區(qū)的過(guò)渡地區(qū),其特殊的地理環(huán)境和氣候條件孕育了十分豐富的生物資源。本研究以神農(nóng)架自然保護(hù)區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,采用高通量測(cè)序以及基因芯片技術(shù),率先綜合物種水平以及功能基因水平揭示微生物地理學(xué)分布隨著海拔的變化規(guī)律。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)微生物在物種水平及功能基因水平的分布規(guī)律及構(gòu)建機(jī)制不同。微生物物種組成沿海拔梯度呈明顯地帶性分布特征,符合中性理論,擴(kuò)散限制在物種分布中發(fā)揮重要作用;而微生物功能基因組成則呈大范圍廣泛分布,符合生態(tài)位理論,環(huán)境理化性質(zhì)在功能基因分布中發(fā)揮重要作用。(2)微生物群落控制因子隨著研究尺度的不同而改變。在沿海拔梯度分布范圍下,地理距離是影響微生物物種組成的主要因素,而環(huán)境理化性質(zhì)是影響微生物功能基因組成的主要因素。在更小尺度下,林線處微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)主要受溫度控制,而較低海拔的闊葉林其微生物群落則主要受到土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)數(shù)量與質(zhì)量的控制。(3)微生物結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的關(guān)系受到考察類(lèi)群的影響�？紤]所有類(lèi)群及功能基因種類(lèi),發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物物種組成與功能基因組成無(wú)明顯相關(guān)關(guān)系,說(shuō)明微生物整體群落存在功能冗余現(xiàn)象。而針對(duì)林線上下林型的氨氧化菌以及硝化基因(amoA)的相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),微生物氨氧化菌多樣性與amoA呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,功能冗余程度低。(4)微生物功能基因組成對(duì)外界環(huán)境有良好的指征作用。整體功能基因組成與環(huán)境理化性質(zhì)呈顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系;林線處氮循環(huán)基因與土壤中NH4+-N、NO3--N存在相關(guān)關(guān)系;闊葉林中難降解碳基因的變化與環(huán)境中易降解碳的含量相吻合。體現(xiàn)了微生物功能基因組成對(duì)于指征外界環(huán)境變化的靈敏性。
[Abstract]:As the decomposers of terrestrial ecosystems, microorganisms play an extremely important role in regulating biogeochemical processes. Therefore, it is very important to understand the spatial distribution pattern and formation mechanism of microorganisms. With the application of macrogenome technology in the field of microbiogeography, it has been found that the soil microbial community structure has a certain geographical distribution pattern in recent years. Shennongjia Nature Reserve is located in northwestern Hubei Province and is a transitional region of central and northern subtropical zone in China. It is also a transitional area from the hilly region of the eastern plain to the central mountain area, whose special geographical environment and climatic conditions have given birth to very rich biological resources. This study takes Shennongjia Nature Reserve as the research object. High throughput sequencing and gene chip technology were used. It is the first to synthesize species level and functional gene level to reveal the regularity of microbial geography distribution with altitude. The distribution and construction mechanism of microorganisms at species level and functional gene level were different. In accordance with the neutral theory, diffusion limitation plays an important role in the distribution of species. The composition of microbial functional genes is widely distributed, which accords with niche theory. Environmental physical and chemical properties play an important role in functional gene distribution. Geographical distance is the main factor affecting the composition of microbial species, and the physical and chemical properties of environment are the main factors affecting the composition of microbial functional genes. In a smaller scale, the structure of microbial community in the forest line is mainly controlled by temperature. The microbial community of broad-leaved forest at lower altitude is mainly controlled by the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. The relationship between microbial structure and function was influenced by the study group. All the groups and functional gene types were considered. It was found that there was no significant correlation between microbial species composition and functional gene composition. The results showed that there was functional redundancy in the whole microbial community, and the correlation analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrification gene of the upper and lower forest type was found. The diversity of microbial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was positively correlated with amoA. The functional gene composition of microorganism has a good indication to the external environment, and the whole functional gene composition has a significant correlation with the physical and chemical properties of the environment. There was a correlation between nitrogen cycling gene and NH4 -Nnnno _ 3-N in soil. The change of refractory carbon gene in broadleaved forest is consistent with the content of easily degradable carbon in the environment, which reflects the sensitivity of microbial functional gene composition to indicating the change of external environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S714.3

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