本文關(guān)鍵詞：后備母豬適宜凈能需要量的研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 后備母豬 初情啟動 配種 凈能需要量 代謝組學(xué)

【摘要】：本試驗旨在研究后備母豬初情啟動以及配種兩個階段適宜的凈能需要量,并研究母豬能量攝入不足或過量引起的母豬血液內(nèi)分泌激素和代謝產(chǎn)物的差異以及能量對卵母細胞質(zhì)量的影響。本論文包括3個試驗:(1)試驗一研究后備母豬在初情啟動階段日糧凈能水平對其生長性能和繁殖性能的影響,確定后備母豬初情啟動適宜的凈能需要量。試驗選取120頭長×大二元雜交后備母豬(體重84.0 ± 2.4 kg,日齡150.4 ± 3.5 d)。根據(jù)初始體重,按照隨機區(qū)組試驗設(shè)計分為5個處理,每個處理6個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)4頭豬。對應(yīng)日糧凈能水平分別為2174(處理1)、2274(處理2)、2374(處理3)、2474(處理4)和2574(處理5)kcal/kg。結(jié)果表明,初情體重和背膘厚度都隨著日糧能量水平的增加而增加(處理P0.05;線性P0.05)。母豬的初情日齡(Age atfirstestrus)隨著日糧能量水平的增加呈線性和二次降低(處理P0.05;線性P0.05;二次P0.05)。當(dāng)母豬達到最低初情日齡時,相對應(yīng)的日糧凈能水平為2424kcal/kg。5個處理的發(fā)情率分別為54%、70%、88%、91%和58%。(2)試驗二研究能量對后備母豬配種階段生長性能及繁殖性能的影響,確定后備母豬配種階段的適宜凈能需要量。試驗選取120頭初次發(fā)情日齡相近的長×大二元雜交后備母豬(日齡175.0±3.5 d,體重99.0±2.5 kg),隨機分為5個處理,每個處理24頭豬。5個處理對應(yīng)日糧凈能水平分別為2174(處理1)、2274(處理2)、2374(處理3)、2474(處理4)和2574(處理5)kcal/kg。結(jié)果表明,母豬的配種體重和背膘厚度隨著日糧能量水平的增加而顯著增加(處理P0.05;線性P0.05)。母豬的配種日齡(Age at mating)隨著日糧能量水平的增加呈二次降低(處理P0.05;二次P0.05)。5個處理中,發(fā)情動物數(shù)、配種率、妊娠率均為處理3最高。處理1、處理5的總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)和活仔數(shù)(P0.01)顯著低于中間三組。二次曲線回歸分析結(jié)果為:當(dāng)母豬達到最低配種日齡、最高初生窩重和最小窩內(nèi)變異,相對應(yīng)的日糧凈能水平為2378、2435和2380 kcal/kg,三個指標(biāo)平均值為2398 kcal/kg。(3)試驗三研究后備母豬在初情啟動階段攝入能量不足或過量對其血液中生殖激素、生化指標(biāo)和卵母細胞質(zhì)量的影響,并通過使用代謝組學(xué)技術(shù)來分析血液代謝組的變化。根據(jù)試驗一的結(jié)果,選定低能組(處理1)、中能組(處理3)和高能組(處理5)三個處理的母豬。結(jié)果表明:低能組促黃體素脈沖頻率數(shù)顯著低于中能組和高能組(0.05)。低能組母豬血中葡萄糖濃度有低于中能組和高能組的趨勢(P=0.08)。高能組中瘦素水平顯著低于中能組和低能組(P0.01)。高能組甘油三酯水平(P0.01)、甘油三酯與高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比例顯著高于其它兩組(P0.01)。血清代謝組差異代謝物主要為鞘磷脂代謝相關(guān)物質(zhì)、棕櫚酸代謝相關(guān)產(chǎn)物以及膽汁酸代謝相關(guān)產(chǎn)物。低能組中神經(jīng)酰胺及磷脂酰乙醇胺的大幅下調(diào)。高能組中膽汁酸和鞘氨醇代謝紊亂,如二氫鞘氨醇、神經(jīng)酰胺等變化幅度較大;磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰甘油均大幅下調(diào)。中能組的卵母細胞數(shù)(P0.01)、A級和B級卵母細胞比例(P0.01)顯著高于其它兩組。綜上所述,后備母豬初情啟動及配種時的適宜日糧凈能需要量分別為2424和2398 kcal/kg;能量攝入不足會引起母豬血中葡萄糖和膽固醇濃度過低,導(dǎo)致促黃體素分泌不足,使母豬的發(fā)情推遲或不發(fā)情。能量過量會引起血中瘦素水平過低,致使母豬發(fā)情推遲或不發(fā)情;攝入能量不足或過量均會降低母豬的卵母細胞質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:To study the gilts at estrus and mating two stages for net energy requirement of the test, and study the energy difference of sows inadequate or excessive intake of swine caused by blood endocrine hormones and metabolites and energy on oocyte quality. This paper includes 3 experiments: (1) a study in the early stage of gilts starting diets can affect the level of net growth performance and reproductive performance of gilts, determine the appropriate early start net energy requirement. The experiment selects 120 head length * large crossbred gilts (weight 84 + 2.4 kg + 3.5 D, 150.4 days old). According to the initial weight, according to the randomized block design is divided into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 4 pigs per replicate. The corresponding dietary net energy levels were 2174 (1), 2274 (2), 2374 (3), 2474 (4) and 2574 (5) kcal/kg. The results show that the early body weight and backfat thickness increased with dietary energy levels increased (P0.05; linear P0.05). Sow puberty age (Age atfirstestrus) with increasing dietary energy level is linear and two times lower (P0.05; linear P0.05; two P0.05) when. Sows reached the lowest puberty age, net energy levels for 2424kcal/kg.5 treatment of estrus rate were 54%, 70%, 88% diets corresponding to the 91% and 58%. (2) impact energy test two on growth performance and reproductive performance of sow breeding stage, determine the gilts breeding stage for net energy the demand. The experiment selects 120 head first estrus at similar age long * large crossbred gilts (age 175 + 3.5 D, weight 99 + 2.5 kg), were randomly divided into 5 treatments, each treatment 24 pigs.5 processing corresponding diets net energy levels were 2174 (1) (2274. 2), 2374 (3), 2474 (4) and 2574 (5) kcal/kg. results showed that sows mating weight and backfat thickness increased with increasing dietary energy levels (P0.05; linear P0.05). Sow breeding age (Age at mating) with the increase of day dietary energy levels were two times lower (P0.05; two P0.05).5 treatment, the number of animal estrus, breeding rate, pregnancy rate of treatment 3 was highest. 1, total 5 litter number and the number of live piglets (P0.01) was significantly lower than that of the middle three group. Two regression analysis results as the sow reached the lowest breeding age, birth weight and the highest variation in nest, diet corresponds to the net energy level of 23782435 and 2380 kcal/kg, three indicators of the average value of 2398 kcal/kg. (3) test of three gilts in the early of the start-up phase of energy intake on reproductive blood deficiency or excess in hormone, students Effect of chemical index and the quality of oocytes, and through the use of metabolomics to analyse the change of blood metabolomics technology. According to the test results, the selected low energy group (treatment 1), can group (treatment 3) and high-energy group (treatment 5) three treatment sows. The results showed that: low energy group of luteinizing hormone pulse frequency was significantly lower than that in group and high group (0.05). The concentration of glucose in the blood can have low energy group sows group and high-energy group was lower than the trend (P=0.08). High levels of leptin were significantly lower than in group and low energy group (P0.01). High levels of triglyceride (P0.01), group triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P0.01). The difference of serum metabolic metabolites of sphingomyelin metabolism related substances, palmitic acid metabolism related products and bile acid metabolism related products. Low energy group ceramide and phosphatidylethanolamine Reduced bile acid and sphingosine metabolism disorder. High energy group, such as two hydrogen sphingosine ceramide changed greatly; phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidyl glycerol are substantially reduced. In the group of oocytes (P0.01), the proportion of oocytes grade A and B (P0.01) was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. To sum up, gilts at estrus and mating for the net energy requirement is respectively 2424 and 2398 kcal/kg diets; insufficient intake of energy will cause the low concentration of glucose and cholesterol in the blood of sows, leading to inadequate secretion of luteinizing hormone, to sow oestrus delayed or not estrus. Energy may cause excessive levels of leptin in the blood is too low, resulting in delayed or non estrus of sows estrus; insufficient or excessive intake of energy will reduce the quality of oocytes of sows.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S828.5

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