發(fā)布時間：2018-01-04 04:40

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：廣西丘陵坡地糖料蔗耗水規(guī)律及滴灌研究　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 糖料蔗 丘陵坡地 滴灌 灌溉制度 HYDRUS-3D 調(diào)壓裝置

【摘要】：廣西是我國糖料蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)。為促進(jìn)蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,廣西正全力推進(jìn)蔗區(qū)水利現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。由于蔗區(qū)大部分分布在丘陵坡地上,傳統(tǒng)渠道灌溉難以適用,需要大規(guī)模發(fā)展高效節(jié)水灌溉。滴灌通過滴頭直接將水或水肥混合液均勻地、精確地輸送到作物根部,具有節(jié)省勞力、節(jié)水增產(chǎn)等特點,配合糖料蔗寬窄行種植、水肥一體化等農(nóng)藝措施,極大地促進(jìn)了蔗區(qū)的高產(chǎn)和穩(wěn)產(chǎn),是廣西丘陵坡地蔗區(qū)水利現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)重點推廣的灌溉技術(shù)模式之一 。然而,廣西蔗區(qū)滴灌發(fā)展起步較晚、相關(guān)研究缺乏、實踐積累不足,加之糖料蔗生育特性、氣象特征、土壤類型、地形條件等方面的差異,在糖料蔗耗水及灌溉需水規(guī)律、田間滴灌帶關(guān)鍵技術(shù)參數(shù)選取、丘陵坡地田間管網(wǎng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計和調(diào)壓技術(shù)等方面缺乏研究成果支撐,導(dǎo)致廣西蔗區(qū)發(fā)展滴灌過程中呈現(xiàn)水土不服,影響了滴灌技術(shù)的推廣。為解決上述問題,本論文主要完成以下研究工作：(1)基于作物耗水及農(nóng)田水量平衡理論,利用Penman-Monteith公式和糖料蔗不同生育期的作物系數(shù),研究了糖料蔗不同生育期的耗水規(guī)律,并構(gòu)建蔗田土壤水量平衡分析模型,提出了糖料蔗不同生育期的灌溉需水規(guī)律。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了蔗區(qū)降雨量、降雨結(jié)構(gòu)變化對蔗區(qū)干旱發(fā)生頻次的影響,認(rèn)為未來干旱對糖料蔗生產(chǎn)的威脅將進(jìn)一步加劇。(2)基于土壤水分運(yùn)移機(jī)理,開展蔗區(qū)代表性土壤滴灌條件下的水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律土柱試驗,并結(jié)合HYDRUS-3D建模計算分析,研究了蔗區(qū)土壤水分運(yùn)移的主要規(guī)律,分析了滴灌條件下蔗區(qū)土壤濕潤體的大小、形狀及灌水均勻性的主要影響因素,提出了蔗區(qū)滴灌帶合理參數(shù)的取值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及糖料蔗不同生育期適宜的灌水時間、灌水量等指標(biāo)。(3)基于多孔管水力計算方法,在田間試驗的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了田間管網(wǎng)水力解析模型,分析了滴灌帶基本參數(shù)對灌水均勻性的影響,研究了入口壓力、布設(shè)形式、坡度對田間管網(wǎng)水力分布的影響,提出了丘陵坡地蔗區(qū)田間管網(wǎng)的適宜布設(shè)模式。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,研發(fā)了一種支管調(diào)壓裝置,分析了其調(diào)壓效果,認(rèn)為該裝置可在丘陵坡地田間管網(wǎng)建設(shè)中采用。通過相關(guān)研究,本論文在以下方面有所創(chuàng)新：(1)系統(tǒng)的研究了糖料蔗耗水及灌溉需水規(guī)律,提出了不同灌溉保證率條件下廣西糖料蔗主產(chǎn)區(qū)的灌溉制度；(2)通過室內(nèi)土柱試驗與HYDRUS-3D模擬計算方法相結(jié)合,首先系統(tǒng)的研究了廣西蔗區(qū)土壤滴灌條件下的水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律,提出了蔗田滴灌帶設(shè)計參數(shù)取值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及糖料蔗不同生育期適宜的灌水時間、灌水量等指標(biāo)；(3)研發(fā)了一種支管調(diào)壓設(shè)備,該設(shè)備巧妙利用通過改變管道水力條件造成的局部水頭損失調(diào)節(jié)支管壓力,具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、投資省、維護(hù)方便、可直接埋于地下等特點,可在丘陵坡地田間管網(wǎng)建設(shè)中采用。
[Abstract]:Guangxi is the main producing area of sugar cane in China. In order to promote the development of sugar industry, Guangxi is to promote the modernization of water conservancy construction. Because the sugarcane sugarcane area mostly in hilly slopes, it is difficult to apply the traditional channel irrigation, large-scale development of efficient water-saving irrigation. Drip drip through direct water or liquid fertilizer mixed evenly and accurately transported to the root of the crop, with labor saving, water saving and other characteristics, with sugar cane row planting, fertilizer integration and other agronomic measures have greatly promoted the sugarcane area of high and stable yield, is one of the irrigation mode in Guangxi hilly upland sugarcane area focus on the promotion of water conservancy modernization. However, the development of drip irrigation in Guangxi sugarcane area started late the related research, lack of practice, the lack of accumulation and sugar cane growth characteristics, meteorological characteristics, soil types, different terrain conditions, water consumption and irrigation in Sugarcane The law of water, selection of key technical parameters of field drip irrigation belt, hilly slope field pipe network optimization design and pressure regulating technology and other aspects of the lack of research support, leads to the development of drip irrigation in Guangxi sugarcane area The climate does not suit one. process, affecting the promotion of drip irrigation technology. To solve the above problems, this paper mainly completed the following work: (1) consumption of crops water and soil water balance based on the theory, by using the Penman-Monteith formula and the sugar cane crop coefficient in different growth stages, study the law of water consumption of sugar cane in different growth stages, and the construction of sugarcane soil water balance analysis model, put forward the sugarcane in different growth stages of irrigation water requirement law. On this basis, analysis of the sugarcane area effect of rainfall, rainfall structure change frequency on sugarcane drought, drought that threatens the future of sugar cane production will be further intensified. (2) based on the soil moisture transport machine Daniel, carry out water migration of soil column experiment sugarcane area representative soil under drip irrigation, combined with the HYDRUS-3D modeling calculation and analysis, mainly studied sugarcane region soil moisture migration, analyzes the size of soil moist sugarcane body under drip irrigation, irrigation uniformity and shape of the main effecting factors, put forward the sugarcane area reasonable parameters of drip irrigation and irrigation time of sugar cane in different growth period for the index of irrigation amount. (3) based on the hydraulic calculation method of porous tube, based on field experiment, which builds up the hydraulic analysis model, analyzed the basic parameters of drip irrigation uniformity effect, on the entrance pressure, layout, slope of the hydraulic distribution, and put forward the suitable layout patterns of sugarcane field network slope hills. And on this basis, developed a branch pipe pressure regulating device, analysis The pressure regulating effect, this device can be used in the hilly slope field network construction. Through research, this paper has the following innovations: (1) the system of sugar cane water consumption and irrigation water requirement, put forward different irrigation irrigation system of Guangxi sugar cane material producing area ratio; (2) through the indoor soil column experiment and HYDRUS-3D simulation method combining the first systematic study on the law of water transport in Guangxi sugarcane area soil under drip irrigation condition, put forward the design parameter of sugarcane drip irrigation time standard and sugarcane in different growth period for the index of irrigation; (3) research and development of a branch pipe pressure regulating equipment, the equipment using the local head loss caused by changing the conditions of the pipeline hydraulic manifold pressure regulator, has the advantages of simple structure, saving investment, convenient maintenance, can be directly buried underground. It can be used in the construction of field pipe network in Hilly and sloping fields.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S566.1;S275.6

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