本文關(guān)鍵詞：擠奶機(jī)的系統(tǒng)真空和自動(dòng)脫杯閾值對(duì)奶牛乳房健康的影響　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 擠奶機(jī) 乳房炎 動(dòng)態(tài)特性 系統(tǒng)真空度 自動(dòng)脫杯閾值

【摘要】：擠奶機(jī)是奶牛場(chǎng)乳房炎控制的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)之一,其質(zhì)量和使用狀態(tài)的好壞關(guān)系到奶牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)能否持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。針對(duì)擠奶機(jī)在整體設(shè)計(jì)上缺乏良好的基礎(chǔ)理論和在使用過(guò)程中系統(tǒng)真空度及自動(dòng)脫杯閾值缺乏科學(xué)設(shè)定依據(jù)的三大問(wèn)題,該文構(gòu)建了擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,提出了擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的分析方法,分析了真空泵生產(chǎn)能力、系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部體積以及管道橫截面積等因素對(duì)擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的影響;研究了擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)真空度不相同時(shí)的擠奶效果,試驗(yàn)以12頭高產(chǎn)泌乳牛(單產(chǎn)7.4±0.4t)和12頭低產(chǎn)泌乳牛(單產(chǎn)5.7±0.2t)為研究對(duì)象,以擠奶量、擠奶時(shí)間、平均奶流量、體細(xì)胞數(shù)(SCC)以及乳頭末端壁厚變化率等參數(shù)作為擠奶效果評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),在系統(tǒng)真空設(shè)置在44至48 kPa的范圍內(nèi),研究了系統(tǒng)真空度對(duì)擠奶過(guò)程不同階段的內(nèi)套真空度和擠奶杯口真空度的影響,量化了系統(tǒng)真空度對(duì)擠奶效果評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的影響,分析了內(nèi)套真空度和擠奶杯口真空度與各擠奶效果評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性;研究了擠奶機(jī)自動(dòng)脫杯閾值對(duì)擠奶效果的影響,以每天兩班次擠奶的新產(chǎn)奶牛群為研究對(duì)象,利用交叉實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的方案,評(píng)估了自動(dòng)脫杯閾值設(shè)置(0.2kg/min和0.3kg/min)結(jié)合最大套杯時(shí)間(7.2min)對(duì)乳頭末端狀況、臨床乳房炎、產(chǎn)奶量以及擠奶時(shí)間的影響。研究表明,應(yīng)用鍵合圖技術(shù)構(gòu)建的擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型很好的描述了擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特征。擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)研究表明,擠奶機(jī)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的周期性擾動(dòng)隨系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部體積的增加而減弱,不規(guī)律擾動(dòng)則隨真空泵生產(chǎn)能力的增加而減弱。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的周期性擾動(dòng)的頻率接近系統(tǒng)固有頻率時(shí),系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化隨管道橫截面積的減小而減弱。針對(duì)系統(tǒng)真空度的試驗(yàn)研究表明,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)真空度從44 kPa增加至48 kPa時(shí),奶牛在峰值流量期間和過(guò)擠奶期間,內(nèi)套真空度增加率分別為4.9%(P0.001)和10.8%(P0.001),擠奶杯口真空度增加率分別為373.8%(P0.001)和53.7%(P0.001)。系統(tǒng)真空度從44 kPa增加至48 kPa,擠奶量、擠奶時(shí)間以及平均奶流量均沒(méi)有顯著差異,但log10SCC(P0.05)和乳頭末端壁厚變化率(P0.05)均顯著增加。結(jié)果表明,試驗(yàn)擠奶機(jī)用44 kPa的系統(tǒng)真空度比用46或48 kPa等更高的系統(tǒng)真空度的效果更好,擠奶特性保持較好,泌乳牛感染乳房炎的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更低。自動(dòng)脫杯閾值設(shè)置聯(lián)合最大套杯時(shí)間控制的試驗(yàn)研究表明,當(dāng)自動(dòng)脫杯閾值從0.2kg/min增加至0.3kg/min時(shí),擠后殘奶量從0.12kg增加至0.23kg(P0.001),擠奶時(shí)間從6.82min減小至6.13min(P0.001),日擠奶量和體細(xì)胞數(shù)均無(wú)顯著性差異(P0.05),臨床乳房炎發(fā)病率也沒(méi)有明顯差異。結(jié)果表明,將自動(dòng)脫杯閾值從0.2kg/min提高至0.3kg/min后,牛群乳頭末端總體評(píng)分結(jié)果和基于長(zhǎng)度、乳區(qū)位置以及單頭牛乳頭健康水平分類評(píng)分結(jié)果均優(yōu)于自動(dòng)脫杯閾值提高前的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Milking machine is one of the key points of field mastitis control in dairy cattle, the quality and the use of state is directly related to the sustained and healthy development of dairy industry. Due to the lack of a good theory and in the process of using the vacuum system and automatic cup threshold lack three big problems of science set on the basis of the milking machine in the overall design, the this paper constructs the mathematical model of the system of the milking machine, put forward the dynamic characteristic analysis of milking machine system, analyzes the influence of vacuum pump capacity, system internal volume and cross-sectional area of pipe and other factors on the dynamic system of milking machine change; research system of vacuum milking machine milking effect are not the same, to test 12 the head of high yield dairy cows (yield 7.4 + 0.4t) and 12 (low lactating cows yield 5.7 + 0.2T) as the research object, the milking, milking time, average milk flow, somatic cell count (SCC) and nipple At the end of the wall thickness of the rate of change of parameters such as milking effect evaluation index system in a vacuum, set in the range of 44 to 48 kPa, study the system of vacuum on the milking process at different stages within the set of vacuum and vacuum milking cup, to quantify the effects of the system of the vacuum milking effect evaluation index. Analysis of relationship between inner sleeve vacuum and vacuum milking cup evaluation and various milk effect indexes of milking machine; automatic stripping cup threshold effect on the effect of milking, milking time to two new dairy cow group as the research object, using cross experiment design, evaluation of automatic threshold setting (off the cup 0.2kg/min and 0.3kg/min) with the maximum time (7.2min) of the cup at the end of the nipple, clinical mastitis, milk production and milking time. The results show that the application of bonding mathematical system constructed by the technique of milking machine mould drawing Type is a good description of the dynamic characteristics of the system. The study on the dynamical system of milking machine milking machine milking machine system show that the periodic internal disturbance with the increase of system internal volume decreases, with the increase of the disturbance of vacuum pump capacity decreases. When the period of internal disturbance frequency is close to the natural system the frequency, the dynamic changes in the system decreases with decreasing pipe cross-sectional area. According to the experimental study on vacuum system show that when the vacuum system increased from 44 kPa to 48 kPa, during the peak flow during and after the cows in the milking, inner vacuum increase rate were 4.9% (P0.001) and 10.8% (P0.001), milking cup vacuum increase rate was 373.8% (P0.001) and 53.7% (P0.001). The degree of vacuum is increased from 44 kPa to 48 kPa, milking, milking time and average milk flow had no significant difference, but the log10SCC (P0.05 ) and teat end wall thickness change rate (P0.05) increased significantly. The results showed that the better effect of the vacuum system 44 kPa vacuum system compared with 46 or 48 kPa higher test for milking machines, milking characteristics to maintain good, dairy cow mastitis infection risk lower. Automatic and cup joint maximum threshold cup set time control test on set show that when automatically cup threshold increased from 0.2kg/min to 0.3kg/min, the residual amount of milk after extrusion increased from 0.12kg to 0.23kg (P0.001), milking time decreased from 6.82min to 6.13min (P0.001), there were no significant differences in daily milk production and somatic cell count (P0.05). Clinical mastitis incidence had no obvious difference. The results show that the automatic cup threshold increased from 0.2kg/min to 0.3kg/min, the end result and the overall score of cattle nipple based on the length, location and single cow milk nipple health level scoring results The result is better than the automatic cup thresholding.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S817.21

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