本文關(guān)鍵詞：生物技術(shù)提高玉米秸稈飼用價(jià)值的研究及其機(jī)理探索　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2017年博士后論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 玉米秸稈 青貯發(fā)酵 生物制劑 青貯品質(zhì) 微生物 羔羊 生長(zhǎng)性能

【摘要】：利用生物技術(shù)提高秸稈飼料利用率有助于開(kāi)發(fā)飼料資源與減少秸稈焚燒造成的環(huán)境污染等實(shí)際問(wèn)題�；诤侠碚{(diào)控青貯發(fā)酵對(duì)秸稈品質(zhì)的改善的作用,篩選出高效生物青貯發(fā)酵制劑,采用體外(in vitro)、半體內(nèi)(in situ)和活體動(dòng)物(in vivo)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究與效果驗(yàn)證,同時(shí),對(duì)生物制劑改善玉米秸稈青貯品質(zhì)的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探索。本研究分四步驟進(jìn)行:1.青貯發(fā)酵作用對(duì)玉米秸稈品質(zhì)的改善作用及其對(duì)菌群構(gòu)成影響的評(píng)價(jià)。采用經(jīng)典的分析方法和MiSeq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù),分析青貯發(fā)酵前后玉米秸稈感官指標(biāo)、發(fā)酵品質(zhì)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分以及細(xì)菌群落構(gòu)成及豐度的變化,確定青貯發(fā)酵是否能夠改善玉米秸稈的飼用價(jià)值;2.研究生物制劑對(duì)玉米秸稈青貯飼料發(fā)酵品質(zhì)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分及消化率的影響。通過(guò)在玉米秸稈原料中添加微生物制劑、酶制劑、微生物制劑+酶制劑,青貯45天后檢測(cè)青貯飼料發(fā)酵品質(zhì)、木質(zhì)纖維素組分以及瘤胃消化率,來(lái)分析判斷各種生物制劑對(duì)玉米秸稈青貯飼料品質(zhì)改善的作用,優(yōu)化出最為適宜的生物制劑;3.研究所篩選的生物制劑對(duì)玉米秸稈青貯發(fā)酵過(guò)程中化學(xué)組分及微生物群落構(gòu)成的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)玉米秸稈進(jìn)行青貯,在0、1、3、5、7、14、21、45天分別開(kāi)袋取樣,探明不同發(fā)酵階段細(xì)菌及真菌的菌群構(gòu)成及豐度變化規(guī)律;不同發(fā)酵階段青貯發(fā)酵品質(zhì)及營(yíng)養(yǎng)組分動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律;酶菌復(fù)合制劑對(duì)菌群變化及青貯品質(zhì)的作用機(jī)制;4.運(yùn)用動(dòng)物比較試驗(yàn)對(duì)所篩選的生物制劑進(jìn)行效果驗(yàn)證。通過(guò)肉羊飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),闡明不同玉米秸稈青貯飼料對(duì)肉羊的生長(zhǎng)性能、屠宰性能、營(yíng)養(yǎng)消化及血液指標(biāo)的影響,對(duì)所篩選出的生物制劑效果做充分的驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明:1.青貯發(fā)酵45天后的玉米秸稈青貯飼料呈黃綠色,質(zhì)地較好,呈酸香味。青貯發(fā)酵能夠使玉米秸稈pH值迅速降低,乳酸含量顯著增加(P0.05),中性洗滌纖維(neutral detergent fiber;NDF)及酸性洗滌纖維(acid detergent fiber;ADF)含量有下降趨勢(shì)(0.1P0.05);玉米秸稈經(jīng)過(guò)青貯發(fā)酵相關(guān)微生物發(fā)生了顯著變化,變形菌門(Proteobaacteriaa)、γ-變形菌綱(Gammaproteobacteria)、腸桿菌目(Enterobacteriales)、腸桿菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和魏斯氏菌屬(Weissella)菌群數(shù)量顯著降低(P0.05);青貯發(fā)酵能夠顯著增加(P0.05)厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)、芽孢桿菌綱(Bacilli)、乳桿菌目(Lactofbacillaales)、乳桿菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、片球菌屬(Pediococcus)和乳桿菌屬(Laactobacillus)菌群數(shù)量;2.酶菌復(fù)合處理組(MCL1和MCL2)pH值最低(P0.05),NDF、纖維素在瘤胃中降解能力顯著高于其他處理組(P0.05),木質(zhì)素(acid detergent lignin;ADL)降解率在數(shù)值上高于其他組,但差異不顯著(P＞0.05);與對(duì)照組相比,酶菌混合處理組能夠降低NDF、ADF、纖維素含量(P0.05);3.青貯發(fā)酵過(guò)程對(duì)青貯各品質(zhì)指標(biāo)影響顯著,而酶菌復(fù)合制劑對(duì)NDF、pH值、乳酸(lactic acid;LA)、乙酸(acetic acid;AA)和丙酸(propionic acid;PA)含量影響顯著(P0.05)。青貯時(shí)間及青貯時(shí)間和添加劑的互作效應(yīng)對(duì)細(xì)菌及真菌門水平群落構(gòu)成影響顯著(P＜0.05)。添加劑對(duì)真菌門水平群落構(gòu)成影響顯著(P＜0.05);對(duì)細(xì)菌門水平群落影響不顯著(P0.05);4.添加生物制劑玉米秸稈青貯組、無(wú)添加玉米秸稈青貯組、羊草組對(duì)照組的凈增重(weight gain;WG)、平均日增重(average daily weight gain;ADG)、胴體重(carcass weight)、DM和ADF的表觀消化率(apparent digestibility)均顯著高于空白對(duì)照組(P0.05);添加生物制劑玉米秸稈青貯組干物質(zhì)和有機(jī)物排出量顯著低于空白對(duì)照組和羊草對(duì)照組(P＜0.05)。添加生物制劑玉米秸稈青貯組和無(wú)添加玉米秸稈青貯組的NDF表觀消化率顯著高于對(duì)照組和羊草組(P0.05)。各處理組內(nèi)臟器官占宰前活重比例及各血清生化指標(biāo)差異不顯著(P＞0.05)。基本結(jié)論:1.青貯發(fā)酵改善玉米秸稈感官指標(biāo)、發(fā)酵品質(zhì)以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,并且可以有效降低有害細(xì)菌的數(shù)量,增加有益菌的數(shù)量,從而降低致病菌對(duì)家畜健康存在的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn);2.酶菌復(fù)合添加劑噴灑到秸稈中進(jìn)行青貯發(fā)酵后,能夠有效破除玉米秸稈青貯飼料的特殊的木質(zhì)素-纖維素-半纖維素復(fù)合體結(jié)構(gòu),改善秸稈青貯飼料的發(fā)酵品質(zhì),提高營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的保存量及反芻動(dòng)物瘤胃對(duì)秸稈營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的降解率,從而提高秸稈的可利用率,其中MCL2處理組效果最佳;3.生物制劑通過(guò)改變真菌群落構(gòu)成來(lái)改善玉米秸稈青貯的利用率;4.玉米秸稈經(jīng)過(guò)生物制劑處理后改善了玉米秸稈的飼用價(jià)值,達(dá)到與羊草相同的生長(zhǎng)和屠宰性能。
[Abstract]:The use of biological technology to improve the straw feed utilization rate is helpful to the development of feed resources and reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw burning and other practical problems. To improve the reasonable regulation of straw silage fermentation quality based on the effect of screening efficient biological fermentation preparation of silage, using in vitro (in vitro) (in situ), ex vivo and in vivo animal (in vivo) test, and effects of the system at the same time, to explore the mechanism of biological agents improve the silage quality of corn straw. This study is divided into four steps: fermentation 1. silage effect on Maize stover quality and evaluation of the impact on bacteria. Using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and analysis method the classical techniques, analysis before and after fermentation of corn straw silage fermentation quality, sensory index, nutritional composition and changes in composition and abundance of bacterial communities, determine whether to silage fermentation To improve the feeding value of corn straw; 2. of biological agents on fermentation quality of silage corn straw, effects of nutritional composition and digestibility. By adding microbial agents, in maize stalk in enzyme, microbial preparation + enzyme preparation, silage silage is detected after 45 days of fermentation quality, lignocellulose composition and ruminal digestibility, to analyze and judge the various biological agents on the quality of corn straw silage improved, optimized most suitable biological agents; effects of biological agents were studied on 3. chemical composition of corn straw silage fermentation and microbial community composition. The silage of corn straw, open the bag sampling in 0,1,3,5,7,14,21,45 days respectively. Proven, bacteria and fungi in different fermentation stages of bacterial composition and abundance of different fermentation stages; silage fermentation quality and nutrition component dynamic Variation; enzyme compound on the microflora and silage quality mechanism; verify the effect of biological agents were used. Through the comparative test of 4. Animal Sheep feeding trial, growth performance, different corn straw silage on sheep of slaughter performance, effects of nutrient digestibility and blood index, fully to verify the effect of biological agents were screened out. The results showed that the corn straw silage 1. silage fermentation for 45 days was yellow green, better texture, a sour flavor. Can make corn straw silage fermentation pH value decreased rapidly, lactic acid content increased significantly (P0.05), neutral detergent fiber (neutral detergent fiber; and NDF) acid detergent fiber (acid detergent fiber; ADF) content decreased (0.1P0.05); after the corn straw silage fermentation changed significantly associated bacteria, Proteobacteria (Proteobaacteriaa), Gammaproteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria), enterobacteriales (Enterobacteriales), Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacteriaceae) and Weiss sp. (Weissella) the number of bacteria decreased significantly (P0.05); silage fermentation significantly increased (P0.05) Firmicutes bacilli (Firmicutes), (Bacilli), milk coli. (Lactofbacillaales), (Lactobacillaceae), Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus (Pediococcus) (Laactobacillus) the number of bacteria; 2. enzyme treatment group (MCL1 and MCL2) the lowest pH value (P0.05), NDF, degradation of cellulose in rumen was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups (P0.05) lignin (acid detergent, lignin; ADL) the degradation rate is higher than the other groups in the value, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05); compared with the control group, the enzyme treatment of mixed bacteria group can reduce NDF, ADF, the content of cellulose (P0.05); effect of fermentation process on various quality indexes of 3. silage silage significantly And, enzyme compound on NDF, pH, lactic acid (lactic acid; LA (acetic), acetic acid and propionic acid (acid; AA) propionic acid; PA) had significant effect (P0.05). Time and time and silage silage additive interaction effects on bacteria and fungi community structure significantly affects the level of the door (P < 0.05). Additive on the gate level significantly affected the community structure of fungi (P < 0.05); no significant effect on bacterial community gate level (P0.05); 4. adding biological agents of corn straw silage, corn straw silage without adding group, control group of Leymus chinensis net weight (weight gain; WG), average ADG (average daily weight gain; ADG), carcass weight (carcass weight), DM and ADF apparent digestibility (apparent digestibility) were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05); adding biological agents of corn straw silage dry matter and organic matter excretion was significantly lower than the control group and on Leymus chinensis Control group (P < 0.05). Adding biological agents of corn straw silage corn straw silage without adding group and group NDF apparent digestibility was significantly higher than the control group (P0.05) and guineagrass group. Each group of visceral organs accounted for differences in slaughter weight ratio and the serum biochemical indexes were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: 1. improved organoleptic index of corn straw silage fermentation, fermentation and the nutrition quality, and can effectively reduce the number of harmful bacteria, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, thereby reducing the potential risk of pathogens of livestock health; 2. enzyme compound additives is sprayed onto the straw silage fermentation, can effectively get rid of corn straw silage special lignin cellulose and semi cellulose complex structure, improve the fermentation quality of straw silage, improve the preservation and rumen of a ruminant animal nutrition of straw nutrient reduction The solution rate, so as to improve the utilization rate of straw, the MCL2 treatment group has the best effect; 3. biological agents by changing the fungal community utilized to improve the rate of corn straw silage; 4. corn straw treated biological agents improve the nutritive value of corn straw, to achieve growth and slaughter performance of L. chinensis and the same.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S816.53

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本文編號(hào)：1373915