【摘要】：中藥飲片是中醫(yī)臨床用藥的基本形式之一,中藥飲片質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣直接影響著中醫(yī)臨床療效的發(fā)揮。目前,中藥產(chǎn)地加工與炮制生產(chǎn)相互脫節(jié)已嚴(yán)重影響中藥飲片的生產(chǎn)效率及其產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。開(kāi)展中藥飲片產(chǎn)地加工與炮制生產(chǎn)一體化關(guān)鍵技術(shù)規(guī)范研究將為提高飲片生產(chǎn)效率,保證中藥飲片質(zhì)量提供技術(shù)支撐。佩蘭為菊科植物佩蘭Eupatorium fortunei Turez.的干燥地上部分。其應(yīng)用歷史悠久,具有芳香化濕,醒脾開(kāi)胃,發(fā)表解暑等功效。佩蘭藥材的生產(chǎn)工藝為:"夏秋二季,分兩次采收佩蘭,除去雜質(zhì),干燥,即為佩蘭藥材。"佩蘭飲片加工的方式為:"除去雜質(zhì),洗凈,稍潤(rùn),切段,干燥。"本課題針對(duì)佩蘭藥材和飲片加工過(guò)程中工藝重復(fù)、加工操作不規(guī)范、有效成分流失、人力物力消耗等問(wèn)題,基于國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥行業(yè)科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng):30種中藥飲片產(chǎn)地加工與炮制生產(chǎn)一體化關(guān)鍵技術(shù)規(guī)范研究(201507002),開(kāi)展了佩蘭飲片產(chǎn)地加工與炮制生產(chǎn)一體化工藝的研究,本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容有:1.文獻(xiàn)研究本部分對(duì)佩蘭的本草考證、現(xiàn)代研究和文獻(xiàn)記載的炮制工藝進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的整理歸納。同時(shí)對(duì)中藥材產(chǎn)地加工與中藥炮制一體化發(fā)展歷史和實(shí)施進(jìn)行了概述。2.佩蘭的產(chǎn)地調(diào)研本部分系統(tǒng)研究了佩蘭傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代的主產(chǎn)地,分析了產(chǎn)地環(huán)境及氣候條件,并進(jìn)行了實(shí)地的調(diào)查、走訪和樣品采集�？偨Y(jié)了四川、江蘇、安徽、河南四個(gè)主產(chǎn)區(qū)的種植面積、栽培方式、采收時(shí)間、產(chǎn)地加工及貯藏方式。3.佩蘭一體化加工生產(chǎn)小試本部分先選取了麝香草酚、β-石竹烯、氧化石竹烯、1-甲基-3-甲氧基-4-異丙基苯及α-石竹烯這5種揮發(fā)性成份作為測(cè)定指標(biāo),利用GC-MS法同時(shí)測(cè)定這5種揮發(fā)性指標(biāo)成分,考察了曬干、陰干、微波干燥、熱風(fēng)烘干及紅外干燥等干燥方式,以及40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃等溫度對(duì)指標(biāo)性成分的影響。通過(guò)TOPSIS法優(yōu)選了 40℃熱風(fēng)烘干為最佳的干燥方式。4.佩蘭一體化加工生產(chǎn)中試及質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)選取同一批新鮮佩蘭至上海德華飲片廠進(jìn)行中試,比較了傳統(tǒng)方式與優(yōu)化條件后的差異,并考察了切段前干燥時(shí)間及切段長(zhǎng)度對(duì)一體化飲片生產(chǎn)的影響。性狀評(píng)價(jià):從莖、葉、氣味、飲片完整程度等方面對(duì)中試生產(chǎn)的一體化飲片、傳統(tǒng)飲片和傳統(tǒng)藥材進(jìn)行性狀評(píng)價(jià)。揮發(fā)油含量評(píng)價(jià):參照中國(guó)藥典規(guī)定的揮發(fā)油提取法,提取并比較了一體化飲片、傳統(tǒng)飲片和傳統(tǒng)藥材的揮發(fā)油含量�？傸S酮含量評(píng)價(jià):采用BBD響應(yīng)面法結(jié)合PB實(shí)驗(yàn),確定了佩蘭黃酮的最佳提取方式,并利用紫外分光光度計(jì)對(duì)一體化飲片、傳統(tǒng)飲片和傳統(tǒng)藥材的總黃酮含量進(jìn)行了測(cè)定和比較。HPLC指紋圖譜相似度評(píng)價(jià):用HPLC-UV法建立了以香豆素為參照峰,建立佩蘭藥材化學(xué)特征的指紋圖譜,為佩蘭藥材一體化加工提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。并對(duì)不同加工工藝的一體化飲片進(jìn)行HPLC指紋圖譜研究。綜合評(píng)價(jià):綜合考慮飲片性狀、總揮發(fā)油含量、總黃酮含量以及指紋圖譜相似度,使用TOPSIS法最終確定了最佳的一體化加工工藝:綜合考慮總揮發(fā)油和總黃酮含量,選用"除去雜質(zhì),適當(dāng)干燥160min,切1.5cm段,干燥"的工藝。若僅考慮揮發(fā)油含量,則選用"除去雜質(zhì),適當(dāng)干燥90min,切1.5cm段,干燥"的工藝。5.市售藥材和飲片與一體化加工飲片質(zhì)量比較研究無(wú)機(jī)元素及有害元素的含量比較研究:選用電感耦合等離子質(zhì)譜法(ICP-MS)測(cè)定21個(gè)產(chǎn)地及商品規(guī)格佩蘭中13種無(wú)機(jī)元素砷(As)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、鎵(Ga)、鋇(Ba)、鎘(Cd)、錳(Mn)、鎳(Ni)、鉛(Pb)、銻(Sb)、錫(Sn)、鍶(Sr)、鉈(T1)的含量,并用SPSS軟件對(duì)無(wú)機(jī)元素含量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行主成分分析及相關(guān)性研究。各樣品除鉛含量均未超標(biāo)外,其余4種有害元素均有少量超標(biāo)。不同佩蘭樣品中各無(wú)機(jī)元素含量差異較明顯,但元素分布規(guī)律相似。HPLC指紋圖譜研究:對(duì)市售藥材及飲片,以及中試生產(chǎn)的一體化飲片進(jìn)行指紋圖譜相似度研究,一體化飲片和對(duì)照藥材相似度為0.950,品質(zhì)具有一致性。并對(duì)樣品共有峰相對(duì)峰面積進(jìn)行聚類(lèi)分析,不同產(chǎn)地的佩蘭不能聚成一類(lèi)。這可能是由于佩蘭藥材品質(zhì)受產(chǎn)地環(huán)境影響不大,為佩蘭道地性不明顯提供了佐證。同時(shí)提示佩蘭藥材的品質(zhì)的形成可能與采收時(shí)間、加工方式更為密切。創(chuàng)新點(diǎn):1.本文通過(guò)揮發(fā)油和總黃酮含量的比較,確定了半年生佩蘭品質(zhì)優(yōu)于一年生佩蘭。2.本文結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)的外觀性狀、揮發(fā)油含量、總黃酮含量指標(biāo),得出佩蘭一體化加工工藝為:50℃熱風(fēng)干燥160min后,切1.5cm的段,再50℃烘干至含水量低于10%時(shí)打包保存。若僅考慮揮發(fā)油含量,則為50℃熱風(fēng)干燥90min后,切1.5cm的段,再50℃干燥至含水量低于10%時(shí)打包保存。
[Abstract]:The traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces are one of the basic forms of the traditional Chinese medicine, and the quality of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces directly influences the clinical curative effect of the traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the production efficiency and product quality of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces have been seriously affected by the disjunction between the processing of the traditional Chinese medicine and the processing and production. In order to improve the production efficiency of the decoction pieces and to provide the technical support for the quality of the Chinese medicinal decoction pieces. Peylon is the plant of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of the family of paris. And a dry ground part. The application of the invention has a long history, and has the effects of being aromatic, wet, invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, and relieving summer heat. The production process of the Peylon medicinal material is as follows: in summer and autumn, Peylon is collected twice, and impurities are removed and dried to obtain the Peylon medicinal material. The method for processing the Peylon decoction pieces comprises the following steps of: removing impurities, cleaning, slightly moistening, cutting and drying. Based on the research of the key technical specifications for processing and processing production of 30 kinds of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces (20150002), the research on the process of processing and processing the processing and processing of the Peyan decoction pieces is carried out. The research contents of this paper are as follows:1. In this part, this part of this part summarizes the research, modern research and the processing technology of Peylon's herbal research, modern research and literature. At the same time, the history and implementation of the integrated development of the processing of Chinese medicinal materials and the processing of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized. Peyan's place of origin research this part of the system studies the traditional and modern origin of the Peyan, analyzes the origin environment and the climate condition, and carries on the field investigation, visit and sample collection. The planting area, cultivation method, time of harvesting, processing and storage of the four main production areas in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan are summarized. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, selecting the five volatile components of thymol,1-caryophyllene, oxycaryophyllene,1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene and 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-isopropyl benzene The effects of the temperature of 40 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2503176