基于美國國民健康政策的公共健康倫理研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 07:52
【摘要】：隨著人類交往的日益深入,公共健康問題已成為影響社會發(fā)展的突出問題。構建有利于維護公民健康權利、促進健康資源合理分配的社會倫理規(guī)程,并出臺促進公眾健康的國民健康政策,成為各國發(fā)展面臨的重大問題。美國國民健康政策制定較早,并不斷完善,提高了國民的健康水平,促進了該國公共健康事業(yè)的發(fā)展。美國國民健康政策的制定與實施的經(jīng)驗教訓對其他各國尤其是發(fā)展中國家具有一定的借鑒意義。美國醫(yī)療保障制度、美國健康促進政策是美國國民健康政策的核心內(nèi)容。美國醫(yī)保覆蓋人群不斷擴大,健康政策信息化程度高、動態(tài)性強,是美國國民健康政策的主要特點。健康公平、健康公益和程序正義是蘊含在美國國民健康政策中的主要價值理念。健康政策的制定需要一定的倫理理論作為基礎。美國國民健康政策以義務論和目的論作為其倫理理論基礎。為保證健康政策的公正性和實效性,健康政策需要遵循并涵容一定的倫理原則。美國國民健康政策遵循的倫理原則是生命至上原則、整體功利原則和公眾知情原則。在公共健康政策的制定與實施過程中,不可避免會發(fā)生各種利益沖突,主要有個人權利和公共健康之間的沖突、社會醫(yī)療資源分配不公、全球公共健康利益的沖突。從公共健康倫理角度出發(fā),明確公共健康責任主體,有助于促進社會的健康和諧發(fā)展。公共健康責任主體主要有政府、企業(yè)、個人。政府的健康責任是制定公平的健康政策,使公共健康利益實現(xiàn)最大化。企業(yè)的健康責任是遵循相應的健康政策與法規(guī),保護社會健康環(huán)境。個體的健康責任主要是提高自身健康意識和健康素養(yǎng)水平,并積極參與社會的各項健康促進活動。我國公共健康倫理研究在非典后開始發(fā)展,如何促進公共健康事業(yè)長足發(fā)展是當前我國面臨的重要任務。關于美國國民健康政策的倫理分析給我們的啟示主要有:進一步完善我國公共健康政策及其立法;促進各階層積極參與健康政策的制定與實施;加快公共健康信息化建設;培養(yǎng)公共健康專業(yè)人員。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of human communication, public health has become a prominent problem affecting social development. It is an important problem for every country to construct the social ethics rules which can protect the citizen's right of health and promote the rational distribution of health resources, and introduce the national health policy to promote the public health. American national health policy was established earlier and improved continuously, which improved the health level of the nation and promoted the development of public health in the country. The experience and lessons of the formulation and implementation of American national health policy have certain reference significance for other countries, especially for developing countries. American health promotion policy is the core content of American national health policy. The main characteristics of American national health policy are the expansion of health insurance coverage, the high level of informatization and the strong dynamics of health policy in the United States. Health equity, health public welfare and procedural justice are the main values contained in American national health policy. The formulation of health policy needs a certain ethical theory as the basis. The national health policy of the United States is based on the theory of obligation and teleology. In order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of health policy, health policy should follow certain ethical principles. The ethical principles of the National Health Policy of the United States are the principle of life first, the principle of overall utility and the principle of public knowledge. In the process of making and implementing public health policy, conflicts of interest will inevitably occur, such as conflicts between individual rights and public health, unfair distribution of social medical resources and conflicts of global public health interests. From the point of view of public health ethics, defining the subject of public health responsibility is helpful to promote the healthy and harmonious development of society. The public health responsibility main body mainly has the government, the enterprise, the individual. The government's health responsibility is to make a fair health policy to maximize public health benefits. Corporate health responsibility is to follow the corresponding health policies and regulations to protect the social health environment. Individual health responsibility is mainly to improve their own health awareness and health literacy, and actively participate in social health promotion activities. The study of public health ethics in China began to develop after SARS. How to promote the rapid development of public health is an important task facing our country. The moral analysis of American national health policy gives us some enlightenments: to further improve our public health policy and its legislation, to promote the active participation of all levels in the formulation and implementation of health policy, to speed up the construction of public health informatization; Training of public health professionals.
【學位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R199
本文編號：2324232
[Abstract]:With the deepening of human communication, public health has become a prominent problem affecting social development. It is an important problem for every country to construct the social ethics rules which can protect the citizen's right of health and promote the rational distribution of health resources, and introduce the national health policy to promote the public health. American national health policy was established earlier and improved continuously, which improved the health level of the nation and promoted the development of public health in the country. The experience and lessons of the formulation and implementation of American national health policy have certain reference significance for other countries, especially for developing countries. American health promotion policy is the core content of American national health policy. The main characteristics of American national health policy are the expansion of health insurance coverage, the high level of informatization and the strong dynamics of health policy in the United States. Health equity, health public welfare and procedural justice are the main values contained in American national health policy. The formulation of health policy needs a certain ethical theory as the basis. The national health policy of the United States is based on the theory of obligation and teleology. In order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of health policy, health policy should follow certain ethical principles. The ethical principles of the National Health Policy of the United States are the principle of life first, the principle of overall utility and the principle of public knowledge. In the process of making and implementing public health policy, conflicts of interest will inevitably occur, such as conflicts between individual rights and public health, unfair distribution of social medical resources and conflicts of global public health interests. From the point of view of public health ethics, defining the subject of public health responsibility is helpful to promote the healthy and harmonious development of society. The public health responsibility main body mainly has the government, the enterprise, the individual. The government's health responsibility is to make a fair health policy to maximize public health benefits. Corporate health responsibility is to follow the corresponding health policies and regulations to protect the social health environment. Individual health responsibility is mainly to improve their own health awareness and health literacy, and actively participate in social health promotion activities. The study of public health ethics in China began to develop after SARS. How to promote the rapid development of public health is an important task facing our country. The moral analysis of American national health policy gives us some enlightenments: to further improve our public health policy and its legislation, to promote the active participation of all levels in the formulation and implementation of health policy, to speed up the construction of public health informatization; Training of public health professionals.
【學位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R199
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前10條
1 譚相東;張俊華;;美國醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生發(fā)展改革新趨勢及其啟示[J];中國衛(wèi)生經(jīng)濟;2015年11期
2 王欣;;美平價醫(yī)療法案五載砥礪[J];中國醫(yī)院院長;2015年07期
3 高芳英;;美國醫(yī)療體制改革歷程探析[J];世界歷史;2014年04期
4 楊斌;楊植強;;美國醫(yī)療保障制度的嬗變及啟示[J];中州學刊;2013年02期
5 高啟勝;陳定灣;劉盼盼;;美國《健康人民2020》概述[J];中國健康教育;2012年07期
6 張高英;;對我國地方立法公眾參與若干問題的思考[J];法制與社會;2010年12期
7 葉冬青;;甲型H1N1流感的流行與應對[J];中華疾病控制雜志;2009年03期
8 龔群;;公共健康領域里的幾個相關倫理問題[J];倫理學研究;2008年02期
9 陳勁紅;;論生命健康權與醫(yī)療公正[J];東南大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2007年S2期
10 史軍;;公共健康實踐的倫理原則探析[J];科學技術與辯證法;2007年02期
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 王恪輝;美國公共衛(wèi)生雙學位研究生培養(yǎng)模式研究[D];鄭州大學;2012年
，本文編號：2324232
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/mpalunwen/2324232.html
最近更新
教材專著
